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1.4.2 In Geomorphological Mapping and Other Similar Sectors

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Topographic surveys are important from the point of view of the study of earth surface dynamics and processes. These types of surveys are often required for huge (>11 km2) areas at a relatively higher temporal resolution which can be used in monitoring the ecological change, hazard monitoring, or any kind of detailed process studies [6].

The geomorphic study includes the study of landforms, their classification, origin, development, and history which can be done through acquiring high-resolution topographic data which holds the key to many studies and discoveries in Earth sciences including that of earth surface processes and dynamics. For mapping, studies that require data at high temporal (hourly or daily basis), and large spatial (>10 km2) scales, these traditional surveying methods are often time-intensive and costly. However, recent development and changes in technology have seen a rise in digital photo-grammetry as a viable means of obtaining high-resolution topographic data [6].

Such advancement in technologies and increase in affordability of UAVs makes it a novel platform for low-level aerial photography which can be done whenever needed for such photogrammetry in geomorphological studies where traditional methods like satellite imagery might not work. Moreover, it has also various applications where a similar type of work is involved like in filmmaking, scientific research, surveying, mining, cargo transport, forestry and agriculture, journalism, aerial surveillance, etc.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Internet of Things (IoT)

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