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Various architectures on IoT are designed with respect to the smart functionalities provided by the system. In this typical system, middleware is the main component as it combines infrastructure and services together. In this Figure 1.2 [8], the combining factor of the Real World Data with the semantic web for providing services is through Linked Sensor Middleware (LSM). Also, nowadays various IoT architectures have been designed with Cloud-based Middleware infrastructure.

Figure 1.1 Comparison between the estimated world population and the projected number of smart devices connected to the Internet: 2015–2025.

Figure 1.2 Characterization of the technologies in IoT-enabled smart cities.

Generally, primary components involved in IoT architecture are application, sensors, processors and gateways. The major zone of IoT framework for users to utilize the gathered data is application. Sensors help in sensing the environment and to learn the functionalities of assembled things in order to make the actuators respond. The brain of the IoT framework is considered as processors which help to extract the information from raw data collected from sensors. Assigning the property to the gathered information is performed through gateway. Its working is similar to that of a router which will allow the processed data into LAN, PAN, WAN. In simple words, a gateway is used for a steering process which is performed on data collected [9].