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Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
Guide
List of Illustrations
List of Tables
Pages
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1
A Recent Perspective on Bioremediation of Agrochemicals by Microalgae: Aspects and Strategies
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Pollution Due to Pesticides
1.2.1 Acute Effects
1.2.2 Chronic Effects
1.3 Microalgal Species Involved in Bioremediation of Pesticides
1.4 Strategies for Phycoremediation of Pesticides 1.4.1 Involvement of Enzymes in Phycoremediation of Pesticides
1.4.2 Use of Genetically Engineered Microalgae
1.5 Molecular Aspects of Pesticide Biodegradation by Microalgae
1.6 Factor Affecting Phycoremediation of Pesticides
1.6.1 Biological Factor
1.6.2 Chemical Factor
1.6.3 Environment Factor
1.7 Benefit and Shortcomings of Phycoremediation
1.7.1 Benefits
1.7.2 Shortcomings
1.8 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Страница 31
2
Microalgal Bioremediation of Toxic Hexavalent Chromium: A Review
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Chromium Cycle
2.2 Effects of Hexavalent Chromium Toxicity 2.2.1 Toxicity to Microorganisms
2.2.2 Toxicity to Plant Body
2.2.3 Toxicity to Animals
2.3 Chromium Bioremediation by Microalgae
2.3.1 Cyanobacteria
2.3.2 Green Algae
2.3.3 Diatoms
2.4 Mechanism Involved in Hexavalent Chromium Reduction in Microalgae
2.5 Conclusion
References
Страница 45
3
Biodetoxification of Heavy Metals Using Biofilm Bacteria
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Source and Toxicity of Heavy Metal Pollution
3.2.1 Non-Essential Heavy Metals
3.2.1.1 Arsenic
3.2.1.2 Cadmium
3.2.1.3 Chromium
3.2.1.4 Lead
3.2.1.5 Mercury
3.2.2 Essential Heavy Metals
3.2.2.1 Copper
3.2.2.2 Zinc
3.2.2.3 Nickel
3.3 Biofilm Bacteria
3.4 Interaction of Metal and Biofilm Bacteria
3.5 Biodetoxification Mechanisms
3.5.1 Biosorption
3.5.2 Bioleaching
3.5.3 Biovolatilization
3.5.4 Bioimmobilization
3.6 Conclusion
References
Страница 68
4
Microbial-Derived Polymers and Their Degradability Behavior for Future Prospects
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Polyamides
4.2.1 Bioavailability and Production
4.2.2 Biodegradability of Polyamides
4.2.3 Degradation of Nylon 4 Under the Soil
4.2.4 Fungal Degradation of Nylon 6 and Nylon 66 (Synthetic Polyamide)
4.2.5 Itaconic Acid-Based Heterocyclic Polyamide
4.2.6 Summary and Future Development
4.3 Polylactic Acid
4.3.1 Availability and Production
4.3.2 Polymerization Method
4.3.3 Biodegradability of Polylactic Acid
4.3.4 Copolymerization Method
4.3.5 Blending Method
4.3.6 Nanocomposite Formation
4.3.7 Summary
4.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoates
4.4.1 Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates
4.4.2 Application of PHAs
4.4.3 Biodegradability of PHAs
4.4.4 Degradability Methods
4.4.5 Summary
4.5 Conclusion and Future Development
References
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