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Acknowledgments
ОглавлениеThe editor and publisher gratefully acknowledge the permission granted to reproduce the copyright material in this book:
1 Michael Tooley, “Abortion and Infanticide,” pp. 37–65 from Philosophy and Public Affairs 1 (1972). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
2 Judith Jarvis Thomson, “A Defense of Abortion,” pp. 47–66 from Philosophy and Public Affairs 1: 1 (1971). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
3 Patrick Lee and Robert P. George, “The Wrong of Abortion,” pp. 13−26 from Andrew I. Cohen and Christopher Health Wellman (eds.), Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley‐Blackwell, 2014). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
4 Don Marquis, “Why Abortion Is Immoral,” pp. 183–202 from Journal of Philosophy 86: 4 (April 1989). Reproduced with permission of the author and The Journal of Philosophy, Inc.
5 Gregory Pence, “Multiple Gestation and Damaged Babies: God’s Will or Human Choice?” This essay draws on “The McCaughey Septuplets: God’s Will or Human Choice,” pp. 39–43 from Gregory Pence, Brave New Bioethics (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002). © 2002 Gregory Pence. Reproduced courtesy of Gregory Pence.
6 Timothy Murphy, “The Meaning of Synthetic Gametes for Gay and Lesbian People and Bioethics Too,” pp. 762–765 from Journal of Medical Ethics 40 (2014). Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
7 Derek Parfit, “Rights, Interests, and Possible People,” pp. 369–375 from Samuel Gorovitz et al. (eds.), Moral Problems in Medicine (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1976). Reproduced courtesy of Derek Parfit.
8 Laura M. Purdy, “Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children be Immoral?,” pp. 39–49 from Reproducing Persons: Issues in Feminist Bioethics (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996). Reproduced with permission of Cornell University Press.
9 The Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine, “Sex Selection and Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis,” pp. 595–598 from Fertility and Sterility 72: 4 (October 1999). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
10 Julian Savulescu and Edgar Dahl, “Sex Selection and Preimplantation Diagnosis: A Response to the Ethics Committee of the American Society of Reproductive Medicine,” pp. 1879–1880 from Human Reproduction 15: 9 (2000). Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press.
11 David King, “Why We Should Not Permit Embryos to Be Selected as Tissue Donors,” pp. 13–16 from The Bulletin of Medical Ethics 190 (August 2003). © 2003 RSM Press. Reproduced with permission of the Royal Society of Medicine.
12 Michael Tooley, “The Moral Status of the Cloning of Human Cloning: Neo Lockean Persons Versus Human Embryos.” Written for this edition (2021) and reproduced courtesy of Michael Tooley.
13 Jonathan Glover, “Questions about Some Uses of Genetic Engineering,” pp. 25–33, 33–36, 42–43, and 45–53 from What Sort of People Should There Be? (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1984).
14 David B. Resnik, “The Moral Significance of the Therapy–Enhancement Distinction in Human Genetics,” pp. 365–377 from Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 9: 3 (Summer 2000) Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.
15 Nick Bostrom, “In Defense of Posthuman Dignity,” pp. 202–214 from Bioethics 19: 3 (2005). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
16 Francis S. Collins, “Statement on NIH Funding of Research Using Gene‐editing Technologies in Human Embryos,” https://www.nih.gov/about‐nih/who‐we‐are/nih‐director/statements/statement‐nih‐funding‐research‐using‐gene‐editing‐technologies‐human‐embryos. Public domain.
17 Giulia Cavaliere, “Genome Editing and Assisted Reproduction: Curing Embryos, Society or Prospective Parents, pp. 215–225 from Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 21. Springer Nature / CC BY 4.0.
18 R. Alta Charo, “Who's Afraid of the Big Bad (Germline Editing) Wolf?” pp. 93–100 from Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 63: 1 (Winter 2020). Reproduced with permission of Johns Hopkins University Press.
19 Julian Savulescu and Peter Singer, “An Ethical Pathway for Gene Editing,” pp. 221–222 from Bioethics 33: 2 (2019). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
20 Jonathan Glover, “The Sanctity of Life,” pp. 39–59 from Causing Death and Lives (London: Pelican, 1977).
21 Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, “Declaration on Euthanasia” (Vatican City, 1980). Public domain.
22 James Rachels, “Active and Passive Euthanasia,” pp. 78–80 from New England Journal of Medicine 292 (1975). © 1975 Massachusetts Medical Society. Reproduced with permission of Massachusetts Medical Society.
23 Germain Grisez and Joseph M. Boyle, Jr., “The Morality of Killing: A Traditional View,” pp. 381–419 from Life and Death with Liberty and Justice: A Contribution to the Euthanasia Debate (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1971). Reproduced with permission of University of Notre Dame Press.
24 Winston Nesbitt, “Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die?” pp. 101–105 from Journal of Applied Philosophy 12: 1 (1995). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
25 Helga Kuhse, “Why Killing Is Not Always Worse – and Sometimes Better – Than Letting Die,” pp. 371–374 from Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare 7: 4 (1998). Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.
26 Franklin G. Miller, Robert D. Truog, and Dan W.Brock, “Moral Fictions and Medical Ethics,” pp. 453–460 from Bioethics 24: 9 (2010). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
27 Robert M. Sade, “Can a Physician Ever Justifiably Euthanize a Severely Disabled Neonate?” p. 532 from The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149 (2015). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
28 Gilbert Meilaender, “No to Infant Euthanasia,” pp. 533–534 from The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149 (2015). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
29 Udo Schüklenk, “Physicians Can Justifiably Euthanize Certain Severely Impaired Neonates,” pp. 535–537 from The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149 (2015). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
30 Gary Comstock, “You Should Not Have Let Your Baby Die” from The New York Times, July 12, 2017. Reproduced with permission of New York Times / PARS.
31 Alberto Giubilini and Francesa Minerva, “After‐Birth Abortion: Why Should the Baby Live?”pp. 261–263 from Journal of Medical Ethics 39 (2013). Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
32 Christopher Kaczor, “Abortion as a Human Rights Violation,” pp. 92–98 from Kate Greasley and Christopher Kaczor (eds.), Abortion Rights: For and Against (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018). Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.
33 Dominic Wilkinson and Julian Savulescu, “Hard Lessons: Learning from the Charlie Gard Case,” pp. 438−442 from Journal of Medical Ethics 44 (2018). Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
34 Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Harvard Medical School to Examine the Definition of Brain Death, “A Definition of Irreversible Coma,” pp. 85–88 from Journal of the American Medical Association 205: 6 (August 1968).
35 Peter Singer, “The Challenge of Brain Death for the Sanctity of Life Ethic,” pp. 153–165 from Ethics & Bioethics in Central Europe 8: 3–4 (2018).
36 The President’s Council on Bioethics, “The Philosophical Debate,” pp. 49–68 from Controversies in the Determination of Death (white paper). Washington, D.C., December 2008. Public domain.
37 Jeff McMahan, “Alternative to Brain Death,” pp. 47–48 from Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics 34 (2006). Includes only the section “An Alternative Understanding of Brain Death,” with some editing to remove references to the earlier section. Reproduced with permission of Sage Publications Ltd.
38 Ronald Dworkin, “Life Past Reason,” pp. 218–229 from Life’s Dominion: An Argument about Abortion, Euthanasia, and Individual Freedom (New York: Knopf, 1993). © 1993 by Ronald Dworkin. Reproduced with permission of Alfred A. Knopf, an imprint of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, a division of Random House LLC. All rights reserved.
39 Rebecca Dresser, “Dworkin on Dementia: Elegant Theory, Questionable Policy,” pp. 32–38 from Hastings Center Report 25: 6 (November/December 1995). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
40 Chris Hill, “The Note,” pp. 9–17 from Helga Kuhse (ed.), Willing to Listen, Wanting to Die (Ringwood, Australia: Penguin Books, 1994).
41 Daniel Callahan, “When Self‐Determination Runs Amok,” pp. 52–55 from Hastings Center Report 22: 2 (March/April 1992). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
42 John Lachs, “When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok,” pp. 10–13 from The Journal of Clinical Ethics 5: 1 (Spring 1994). Reproduced with permission of The Journal of Clinical Ethics.
43 Bonnie Steinbock, “Physician‐Assisted Death and Severe, Treatment‐Resistant Depression,” pp. 30−42 from Hastings Center Report 47: 5 (2017), updated by the author for this edition (2021). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
44 William Rooney, Udo Schüklenk, and Suzanne van de Vathorst, “Are Concerns about Irremediableness, Vulnerability, or Competence Sufficient to Exclude All Psychiatric Patients from Medical Aid in Dying?” pp. 326–343 from Health Care Analysis 26 (2018). Reproduced with permission of Springer Nature.
45 Peter Singer and Lucy Winkett, “The Duel: Is It More Important to Save Younger Lives?, Prospect, May 4, 2020. Reproduced courtesy of the authors and Prospect magazine.
46 John Harris, “The Value of Life,” pp. 87–102 from The Value of Life (London: Routledge, 1985). © 1985 Routledge. Reproduced with permission of Taylor & Francis Books UK.
47 Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord, “Bubbles under the Wallpaper: Healthcare Rationing and Discrimination,” a paper presented to the conference “Valuing Lives” New York University, March 5, 2011, © Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord, reproduced with permission of the authors. The chapter draws on Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord, “Rationing and Rationality: The Cost of Avoiding Discrimination,” pp. 232−239 from N. Eyal et al. (eds.), Inequalities in Health: Concepts, Measures, and Ethics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013). Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press.
48 Paul T. Menzel, “Rescuing Lives: Can’t We Count?” pp. 22–23 from Hastings Center Report 24: 1 (1994). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
49 Alvin H. Moss and Mark Siegler, “Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation?” pp. 1295–1298 from Journal of the American Medical Association 265: 10 (1991). © 1991 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
50 Eike‐Henner W. Kluge, “Organ Donation and Retrieval: Whose Body Is It Anyway?” © 1999 Eike‐Henner W. Kluge.
51 Janet Radcliffe‐Richards et al., “The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales,” pp. 1950–1952 from The Lancet 351: 9120 (June 27, 1998). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
52 Debra Satz, “Ethical Issues in the Supply and Demand of Human Kidneys,” pp. 189–206 from Why Some Things Should Not Be for Sale: The Moral Limits of Markets (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010). based on an article from Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 2 (2010). Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press and the Aristotelian Society.
53 John Harris, “The Survival Lottery,” pp. 81–87 from Philosophy 50 (1975). © 1975 Royal Institute of Philosophy. Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.
54 National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, “The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research,” 1978, pp. 1–20. Public domain.
55 John Harris, “Scientific Research Is a Moral Duty,” pp. 242–248 from Journal of Medical Ethics 31: 4 (2005). Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
56 Sandra Shapshay and Kenneth D. Pimple, “Participation in Research Is an Imperfect Moral Duty: A Response to John Harris,” pp. 414–417 from Journal of Medical Ethics 33 (2007). Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
57 Peter Lurie and Sidney M. Wolfe, “Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries,” pp. 853–856 from New England Journal of Medicine 337: 12 (September 1997). © 1997 Massachusetts Medical Society. Reproduced with permission of Massachusetts Medical Society.
58 Danstan Bageda and Philippa Musoke‐Mudido, “We’re Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit Them,” from The Washington Post, September 28, 1997. © 1997 Washington Post Company. All rights reserved.
59 Richard Yetter Chappell and Peter Singer, “Pandemic Ethics: The Case for Risky Research,” pp. 1–8 from Research Ethics 16: 3–4 (2020). Reproduced with permission of Sage Publications Ltd.
60 Immanuel Kant, “Duties towards Animals,” pp. 239–241 from Lectures on Ethics, trans. Louis Infield (London: Methuen, 1930).
61 Jeremy Bentham, “A Utilitarian View,” section XVIII, IV from An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, First published c. 1820. Public domain.
62 Nathan Nobis, “Harmful, Nontherapeutic Use of Animals in Research is Morally Wrong,” pp. 297−304 from American Journal of the Medical Sciences 342: 4 (October 2011). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
63 Dario L. Ringach, “Use of Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research,” pp. 305–313 from American Journal of the Medical Sciences 342: 4 (October 2011). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
64 Carolyn P. Neuhaus, “Ethical Issues When Modelling Brain Disorders in Non‐Human Primates,” pp. 323–327 from Journal of Medical Ethics 44. Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
65 John Stuart Mill, “Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion” (extract) from On Liberty, chapter II. First published 1859. Public domain.
66 Janet A. Kourany, “Should Some Knowledge be Forbidden: The Case of Cognitive Differences Research,” pp. 779–790 from Philosophy of Science 83 (December 2016). Reproduced with permission of University of Chicago Press.
67 James R. Flynn, “Academic Freedom and Race: You Ought Not to Believe What You Think May Be True,” pp. 127–131 from Journal of Criminal Justice 59 (2018). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
68 Michael J. Selgelid, “Ethics and Infectious Disease,” pp. 272–289 from Bioethics 19: 3 (2005). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
69 Jerome Amir Singh, Ross Upshur, and Nesri Padayatchi, “XDR‐TB in South Africa: No Time for Denial or Complacency,” PLoS Medicine 4: 1 (2007): e50. © 2007 Singh et al. Open access / CC BY 4.0.
70 Excerpted from Vijayaprasad Gopichandran, “Clinical Ethics During the Covid‐19 Pandemic: Missing the Trees for the Forest,” pp. 1–5 from Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 5: 3 (2020).
71 Alberto Giubilini, Thomas Douglas, and Julian Savulescu, “The Moral Obligation to be Vaccinated: Utilitarianism, Contractualism and Collective Easy Rescue,” pp. 547–560 from Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 21 (2018). © 2018 Alberto Giubilini, Thomas Douglas, and Julian Savulescu. Springer Nature /Open access.
72 Neil Levy, “Taking Responsibility for Responsibility,” pp. 108–113 from Public Health Ethics 12: 2 (July 2019). Oxford University Press / Open access.
73 Udo Schüklenk, “What Healthcare Professionals Owe Us: Why Their Duty to Treat During a Pandemic is Contingent on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE),” pp. 432–435 from Journal of Medical Ethics 46: 7 (2020).
74 Mark R. Wicclair, “Conscientious Objection in Health Care,” in Hugh LaFollette (ed.), Ethics in Practice: An Anthology, Fifth Edition (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley‐Blackwell, 2020). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
75 Udo Schüklenk, “Conscientious Objection in Medicine: Accommodation Versus Professionalism and the Public Good,” pp. 47–56 from British Medical Bulletin 126 (2018).
76 Mark Siegler, “Confidentiality in Medicine: A Decrepit Concept,” pp. 1518–1521 from New England Journal of Medicine 307: 24 (December 1982). © 1982 Massachusetts Medical Society. Reproduced with permission of Massachusetts Medical Society.
77 Kenneth Kipnis, “A Defense of Unqualified Medical Confidentiality,” pp. 7–18 from American Journal of Bioethics 6: 2 (2006) Reproduced with permission of Taylor & Francis.
78 Immanuel Kant, “On a Supposed Right to Lie from Altruistic Motives,” pp. 361–363 from Critique of Practical Reason and Other Works on the Theory of Ethics, 6th edition, trans. T. K. Abbott (London, 1909). Public domain. This essay was first published in a Berlin periodical in 1797.
79 Joseph Collins, “Should Doctors Tell the Truth?” pp. 320–326 from Harper’s Monthly Magazine 155 (August 1927).
80 Roger Higgs, “On Telling Patients the Truth,” pp. 186–202 and 232–233 from Michael Lockwood (ed.), Moral Dilemmas in Modern Medicine (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985). Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press.
81 John Stuart Mill, “On Liberty,” first published in 1859. Public domain.
82 Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo, Judgment from Schloendorff v. New York Hospital (1914), p. 526 from Jay Katz (ed.), Experimentation with Human Beings: The Authority of the Investigator, Subject, Professions, and State in the Human Experimentation Process (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1972). Reproduced with permission of Russell Sage Foundation.
83 om L. Beauchamp, “Informed Consent: Its History, Meaning, and Present Challenges,” pp. 515–523 from Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 20: 4 (2011). © 2011 Royal Institute of Philosophy. Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press and Tom L. Beauchamp.
84 Ruth Macklin, “The Doctor–Patient Relationship in Different Cultures,” pp. 86–107 from Against Relativism: Cultural Diversity and the Search of Ethical Universals in Medicine (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999). © 1999 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press, USA.
85 Maura Priest, “Transgender Children and the Right to Transition: Medical Ethics When Parents Mean Well But Cause Harm,” pp. 45–59 from American Journal of Bioethics 19 (2019). Reproduced with permission of Taylor & Francis.
86 Carl Elliott, “Amputees by Choice,” pp. 208–210, 210–215, 219–223, 227–231, 234–236, 323–326 from Better Than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream (New York and London: W.W. Norton, 2003). © 2003 by Carl Elliott. Reproduced with permission of W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
87 Julian Savulescu, “Rational Desires and the Limitation of Life‐Sustaining Treatment,” pp. 191–222 from Bioethics 8: 3 (1994). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
88 Elizabeth Barnes, “Valuing Disability, Causing Disability,” pp. 88–113 from Ethics 125 (2014). Reproduced with permission of University of Chicago Press.
89 Greg Bognar, “Is Disability Mere Difference,” pp. 46–49 from Journal of Medical Ethics 42 (2016). Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
90 Adrienne Asch, “Prenatal Diagnosis and Selective Abortion: A Challenge to Practice and Policy,” pp. 1649–1657 from American Journal of Public Health 89: 11 (1999). Reproduced with permission of American Public Health Association.
91 Renata Lindeman, “Down Syndrome Screening Isn’t About Public Health. It’s About Eliminating a Group of People,” from Washington Post, June 16, 2015. Reproduced courtesy of Renata Lindeman.
92 Ruth Marcus, “I Would’ve Aborted a Fetus with Down Syndrome: Women Need That Right,” Washington Post, March 9, 2018. Reproduced with permission of Washington Post / PARS.
93 Neil Levy, “Neuroethics: Ethics and the Sciences of the Mind,” pp. 69–74 (extract) from Philosophy Compass 4: 10 (2009). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
94 Anders Sandberg and Julian Savulescu, “Love Machine: Engineering Lifelong Romance,” pp. 28–29 from New Scientist 2864. © 2012 Reed Business Information. Reproduced with permission of Tribune Content Agency.
95 Francesca Minerva, “Unrequited Love Hurts: The Medicalization of Broken Hearts is Therapy, Not Enhancement,” pp. 479–485 from Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 24: 4 (2015). Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.
96 Walter Glannon, “Stimulating Brains, Altering Minds,” pp. 289–292 from Journal of Medical Ethics 35 (2009). Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
97 Felicitas Kramer, “Authenticity or Autonomy? When Deep Brain Stimulation Causes a Dilemma,” pp. 757–760 from Journal of Medical Ethics 39 (2013). Reproduced with permission of BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
98 Sara Goering and Rafael Yuste, “On the Necessity of Ethical Guidelines for Novel Neurotechnologies,” pp. 882–885 from Cell 167 (2016). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
