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1.1.3.4 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell

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It was the first commercial fuel cell in the mid-1960s. PAFC uses phosphoric acid as an electrolyte. The electrolyte is a pure or concentrated liquid phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in a silicon carbide matrix. It operates in the temperature range between 150°C and 210°C. Electrodes are made of carbon paper coated with platinum catalyst. It is used in buses and in stationary power generators in the range of 100 to 400 kW.

Integration of Renewable Energy Sources with Smart Grid

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