Читать книгу Integration of Renewable Energy Sources with Smart Grid - Группа авторов - Страница 23

The energy derived from the organic matter of the living organism is the biomass. It is a RES that produces electricity with minimum cost. The organic material produced from plants and animals, crops and algae are used in biomass energy production. The global cumulative biomass energy generation is shown in Figure 1.10. When biomass is burned, heat is generated and the thermal energy is converted into electrical energy. This biomass can either be burned directly or converted into liquid biofuels or biogas. The conversion methods for biomass energy production include chemical, thermal, and bio-chemical [9].

Figure 1.10 Cumulative bioenergy generation.

Initially, direct combustion method was employed with wood as a fuel to produce energy. In the recent times, chemical treatments such as pyrolysis, fermentation, and anaerobic processes are implemented to convert these sources into a usable form such as ethanol. During pyrolysis treatment, coal is obtained as a product that strengthens the matter by burning it in the absence of oxygen.

The sources of biomass energy generation include the following:

1 Wood and its processing waste: Heat energy is generated from the combustion of wood waste.

2 Agricultural waste: It is burned as a fuel and it can be converted into liquid bio-fuels.

3 Food and garbage waste: It is converted to bio-gas by landfill method or burned to generate electricity in power plants.

4 Animal manure and sewage waste: it is converted to bio-gas.