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To model allocation problems for wireless resources, the Game theory is practiced. Game theory helps in reducing the resource allocation problem by dividing it into distributed decision-making problems. The main advantage of game theory is that it focuses on strategic interactions by eliminating the use central controller.

Game theory models are getting more attention as a source to address wireless communication problems day by day. A game theory model consists of a group of decision-making blocks. The users plan a group of strategies and after using the strategy and corresponding pay off produced.

Offloading mobile data can be expressed in 3 tuples, <T=A, B,C> where A is represented as a group of users, B={B1, B2,….. Bn} is the strategy space of the user and C={C1, C2,…..Cn} is the utilization of the user after an action. If B_i is the strategy chosen by single user i, then the remaining users chosen strategies can be represented as B_-i then B = {B_i,B_-i} is the strategy formed by the user. At an equilibrium level, a strategy formed by the user needs to be chosen. No user will rationally choose to switch from his selected approach, which leads to a decrease in utility. .

Game theory models can be divided into two groups: (i) Cooperative game model, (ii) Non-Cooperative game model.

In the cooperative game model, all the users will cooperate to attain an equilibrium state, which provides many benefits and will maximize the utilization factor through all user cooperative decision-making. This method is called Pareto optimality. In this method, a user cannot raise his pay off without reducing another user’s pay.

In the non-cooperative game model, different users select their own strategy without coordinating with other users. Each user is more concerned about their own payoff. All the decisions taken by a single user will make them more competitive with other users.

The computational offloading schemes are based on game theory that improvises the system’s design and data offloading optimization. There are different ways it can be optimized.

(i) Data offloading is always based on the multi-user decision-making problem. The multi-users are offloading scheme service providers and those who are beneficial from the offloading schemes to improvise their benefits. The advantage of users, i.e., service providers and service users, can be taken for maximum output [29]. The solution will be a game theory that provides solutions for different problem scenarios and resources appropriately shared between the other users.

(ii) Each block in the data offloading game theory completes each system’s advantages and disadvantages. Game theory gives a very efficient way to save the nodes from acting greedily through various software [30].