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Offshore wind power generation is an emerging giant technology and has seen more potential owing to advances in technology. Due to limitation of space availability onshore, growth of offshore wind farms is gaining more popularity. In many European countries, offshore wind power projects are in trend. Offshore wind technology is leading in the wind energy sector because it is exploring more resources further offshore. In contrast to onshore wind turbines, installation of offshore wind turbines has many advantages, namely availability of more space, less complaints of noise and visual interference, and winds are stronger and even more regular in the offshore region (IRENA 2019a). In addition to the advantages, offshore wind also comes with some disadvantages i.e. their cost is high as compared with onshore wind turbines and they are difficult to install and maintain due to harsh and changing weather conditions of coastal regions.

The major offshore wind technologies based on the maximum overall potential are future‐generation turbines; floating foundations; repowering of sites; integrated turbine and foundation installation; high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) infrastructure; direct current (DC) power take‐off and array cables; and site layout optimization (IRENA 2019a). These technologies have beneficial impacts ranging from high, medium and low on five different aspects which are decreasing the cost of energy, increasing grid integration, opening up new markets, reducing environmental effect, and improving health and safety levels.