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 The key components of a diagnostic toxicology work‐up include history, clinical signs, clinical chemistry, analytical toxicology, and, if animals die, a postmortem examination (necropsy).

 The first goal of a postmortem examination is to determine the cause of death, circumstances surrounding the death, and/or the extent of disease.

 Systematic gross and microscopic inspections of all organ systems after death are indispensable diagnostic tools that can help the clinician gain clues about what the physical findings likely represent and are important should litigation become an issue.

 The second goal is to collect appropriate specimens for analytical toxicology testing. Samples typically collected for toxicology testing include stomach contents, liver, kidney, fat and brain.