Читать книгу Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management - Группа авторов - Страница 32

Wetlands provide many ecosystem services that benefit biodiversity, hydrology, climate stability, and food, fiber, and storm‐resiliency. A scientific basis for wetland management requires a consistent application of terminology, detailed inventories, tracking how wetlands change seasonally, year‐to‐year, and at longer timescales, and studies on the flora, fauna, hydrology, and soil, and how these influence biogeochemical processes. At global scales, these requirements are challenging given limited resources that require models to help with scaling uncertain measurements, complex processes, and multiple temporal and spatial scales. Given this review of global wetland carbon stocks, we show that a large range of uncertainty exists with a minimum of 520 PgC (1792 PgC with permafrost) and maximum of 710 PgC (1882 PgC with permafrost). The main conclusions we draw are that wetlands remain a key component of climate‐carbon feedbacks given that they store more carbon than is currently in the atmosphere. Another conclusion is that at local scales, blue carbon stocks can have multiple roles in sequestering and storing carbon, while providing multiple co‐benefits.

Reducing these uncertainties will require continued investments in field campaigns that directly measure above and belowground carbon stocks and in long‐term instruments monitoring of fluxes of different types of wetlands. These investments, combined with new airborne and spaceborne measuring instruments, in particular LIDAR, radar, and hyperspectral imagers, will make it increasingly possible to map wetland carbon stocks and their changes over time at high, 15–30 meter, spatial resolution. Advances in prognostic models, through the inclusion of wetland‐specific biogeochemical processes, taking advantage of improved computational resources and data assimilation methods, will in part reduce uncertainties in how we interpret historical changes and predict future changes in wetland carbon stocks.