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Wetlands are global hotspots for the preservation of organic carbon in terms of the total amount of preserved carbon (Sabine et al., 2004), the annual rate of carbon preservation (Mcleod et al., 2011), and the efficiency of carbon preservation (e.g., >5% of ecosystem net primary production stored in peatlands vs. <<1% in ocean sediments; Frolking et al., 2010; Hedges & Keil, 1995). From a climate perspective, organic carbon preserved in a wetland represents CO₂ that was fixed by primary producers in the wetland (or elsewhere) and therefore is no longer in the atmosphere acting as a greenhouse gas. The long‐term preservation of organic carbon in wetland soils is the major reason why wetlands can have beneficial climatic effects (Frolking & Roulet, 2007). Below, we discuss factors that contribute to carbon preservation in wetland soils.