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Although this chapter is focused on carbon, we will briefly discuss the emissions of N₂O. Recent global wetland emissions of N₂O are “negligible” (Anderson et al., 2010), but management activities and environmental changes have the potential to increase emissions of this powerful greenhouse gas. The production of N₂O, which is a byproduct of both denitrification and nitrification, is largely controlled by nitrogen availability and soil redox status (Davidson et al., 2000). Nitrous oxide emissions are greatly enhanced in wetlands exposed to high nutrient loading (Hefting et al., 2003; Moseman‐Valtierra et al., 2011) and inversely related to soil C:N ratios (Klemedtsson et al., 2005). Further, peatlands that experience drought or anthropogenic lowering of the water table have higher N₂O emissions than those with a high water table (Pärn et al., 2018; Prananto et al., 2020). The production of N₂O is also affected by the availability of electron acceptors and electron donors, concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, temperature, and pH (Cornwell et al., 1999; Joye & Hollibaugh, 1995; Megonigal et al., 2004; Pärn et al., 2018; Parton et al., 1996).