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Introduction

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Surgery of exotic animals frequently involves small anatomic structures and the need for consistent and reliable exposure, illumination, precision, and clear focus while operating in a confined space. Using some form of magnification is recommended for most surgeries of small exotic animals (Beeber 2000; Bennett 2000b; Bennett and Lock 2000; Jenkins 2000b; Lock 2000; Mullen 2000; Mullen and Beeber 2000; Samour 2010). Technological advances in magnification surgery and refinement of microinstruments and microsuture enable the exotic animal surgeon to successfully perform technically demanding surgical procedures (Jarrett 2004; Bohan et al. 2010; Carr and Castellucci 2010). Magnification surgery enables visualization of detail and differences of anatomy, pathology, and tissue color and character not otherwise discernible (Jarrett 2004; Mungadi 2010; Al‐Benna 2011; Stanbury and Elfar 2011). Small, bleeding vessels are more readily identified for coagulation, minimizing hemorrhage, and improving outcome for many procedures (Bennett 2000b; Mungadi 2010).

Surgery of Exotic Animals

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