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2.3.2 Teleportation
ОглавлениеTeleportation represents the future of communication, enabling holographic delivery of life‐sized three‐dimensional (3D) stereoscopic experiences in real‐time without head‐mounted device (HMD) technologies like augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR).
As the business world becomes increasingly automated and ubiquitous, teleportation will stimulate remote telework by allowing flexible virtual interaction during business events and meetings involving geographically distributed colleagues and industries, thus eliminating time and distance barriers. This technology may also decrease carbon footprint (the combustion of fuel for transport accounts for about 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions2) and save travel time and expenses, revitalizing small and medium‐sized enterprises with limited corporate travel capabilities. Furthermore, replacing in‐person business meetings with holographic events may improve labor productivity through more concise interaction and reduced stress for travel planning. Compared to video conferencing technologies, teleportation supports body language and nonverbal communication, thus guaranteeing better audience engagement and reception of information as well as enhanced productivity during professional events. Finally, even though business travel will always represent an essential resource for many company divisions, from sales to marketing, and from production to research and development, it is expected that teleportation will represent a valuable alternative for future corporate business.
Teleportation does not refer only to the digital transmission of physical quantities; it will also enable a clear and reproducible digital representation of all human senses, including smell and taste. This will allow, for example, chemical industries to speed up pharmaceutical product preparation and development via virtualization of drug tests,; healthcare companies to implement noninvasive, real‐time diagnostic tools for health monitoring; and agro‐food industries to tailor their offerings to consumer preferences while improving quality control of raw materials and increasing the overall efficiency of the food system.
Despite these benefits, remote connections via teleportation will introduce significant demands on the 6G network infrastructure, which are not supported today [2]. Specifically, 5G and previous generations have been typically designed to support audio and 2D‐like video communication, where the same data content is broadcast regardless of the viewer’s position. In turn, 3D telepresence adds parallax, meaning that the image changes depending on the viewer’s position and its interaction with the image itself. This approach will radically change the role of the user (from passive video consumer to interactive consumer of multi‐sensory experiences) and lead to a massive increase in the requirements for capturing, transmitting, and interacting with teleportation services. To fully realize an immersive remote experience, all human senses, including touch, smell, and taste, together with video and audio information, will be digitized and transferred across future networks at a data rate up to several terabits per second, which depends on the sensor’s resolution and frame rate: for example, a raw uncompressed hologram with colors, full parallax, and 30 fps would require 4.32 Tbps [1]. The latency requirement will also be very challenging to ensure interactive content provisioning and real‐time communications. While the 5G paradigm sets the round‐trip latency limit in the RAN to 1 ms, 6G technologies will hit the sub‐milliseconds to make the holographic experience smoother and more immersive. Finally, hologram‐based applications will need to process a massive number of streams originating from sensors at different angles of view, thus involving stringent synchronization requirements.