Читать книгу Shaping Future 6G Networks - Группа авторов - Страница 36

The support of communications in smart transportation is threefold: infotainment, automated driving (AD), and Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C‐ITS). Infotainment (sometimes referred to as navitainment) comprises information, navigation, and entertainment services for drivers and passengers. These services are expected to evolve into extended reality (XR) experiences for passengers and enhanced high‐definition (HD) maps and real‐time information services for drivers, and industry players will need to collaborate in order to satisfy the demand for different in‐vehicle services. AD will experience a gradual increase in capabilities and market share. It is expected that up to 15% of the new vehicles sold in 2030 will have AD in designated conditions and, while the personal vehicle market is also expected to grow, trucks and delivery vehicles have a stronger business incentive compared to personal vehicles, which will drive faster deployment once technology is available [4]. AD requires high volumes of data to be exchanged between cars and the cloud for HD 3D maps, sensor sharing, and computational offloading. Those are the aspects related to individual vehicles, but the goal of C‐ITS is to improve safety and comfort by exchanging information between vehicles and the road infrastructure. Real‐time information will include not only measurements and status from sensors but also path planning and cooperative maneuvers, that are particularly relevant for unmanned aerial vehicles. An important consideration is vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians, cyclists, and road workers that can be increasingly protected with solutions based on positions and path crossing alerts enabled by the communication between smartphones (or other personal devices) and vehicles. The former aspects are mostly related to the mobility safety and experience but, in the future, other use cases such as preemptive logistics, fleet management, and telematics will expand and have a key role in society. These services are expected to be implemented by global players in the coming years and, even if they have less stringent requirements on data rate and latency, network coverage and secure private cloud platforms that leverage on network capabilities will be essential for fleet operators and vehicle manufacturers.

While some of these functionalities can be supported in 5G networks, 6G will play a key role in increasing the flexibility to expand coverage and enable services in all locations and conditions. Continuous coverage will be key if AD should be able to rely on connectivity. Moreover, even lower latencies can enable the use of services at higher traveling speeds. Also, the expected timelines for many of these services in the mass market match the 6G expected release plans. With respect to C‐ITS requirement, data can be exchanged as collective perception messages (CPM) [5] where an average payload of 900 bytes generated at 1–10 Hz can be assumed depending on sensors, speeds, and traffic density. The download requirements will depend on the number of vehicles and other relevant user equipments (UEs) in proximity. A very important requirement will be the possibility to enable accurate positioning for moving objects, where 1 m–10 cm is the commonly referred range depending on the use case (which corresponds to 30–3 ms latencies at 120 km/h).

In this perspective, even a significant increase in the channel capacity may not be enough to satisfy the boldest service requirements of future automotive applications. One possible solution is to realize a fully distributed user‐centric architecture in which end terminals make autonomous decisions, “disaggregated” from the network. This approach removes the burden of communication overhead to and from centralized network entities, thus achieving quasi‐real‐time latency, e.g. yielding more responsive driving decisions.