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Family‐based studies include large extended families, smaller multi‐case families (often affected sibpair or other affected relative pairs), and discordant sibpair studies. Depending on family structure and number of individuals collected, these families may be used in linkage analyses (as discussed in Chapter 6) or association studies (Chapter 8). Depending on the genetic architecture of the trait and the frequency of the disease‐associated alleles being sought, this design may offer increased power over population‐based designs.