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In recent years, the electricity industry has been transformed from a regulated to a deregulated structure. This transformation introduced efficacy and market competition in the energy industry. Different sectors of the electricity industry are deregulated and developed into separate entities such as GENCO, TRANSCO, and DISCOMS. Further, smart grid technologies are going to be implemented in the electricity sector in various parts of the world. These technologies in the generation, transmission, and distribution sectors will supply the rapidly increasing energy demand. Such technologies are changing the modern energy systems very rapidly with increasingly multifaceted features. In the present energy sector, power generation, transmission, and distribution are not only the main functions of the energy utilities as system stability, reliability, efficacy, and security have become the major issues. These issues help energy utilities to manage, control, and operate the generation sources on a long-term basis, by reducing their effects on ecology and the environment. Planning and operation of the energy sector requires efficiency for maximizing the advantages for the utilities and also the consumers. Further, energy saving can be in a form of power generation that contributes to minimization of carbon emissions in the globe’s climate. In order to solve these problems, various techniques are continuously emerging. Implementation of these smart grid technologies supports exploration of renewable energy sources for their optimum utilization. However, there is still a huge gap between existing power generation and load demand. To meet this energy gap utilities are having to depend on traditional reliable energy sources along with intermittent renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, fuel cells, etc. Thus, for reliable operation of the electricity industry traditional sources of energy production are still used in various parts of the world. The dependence on these traditional generation sources creates a problem for the environment. Thus, utilization of the renewable energy sources and techniques for supplying the demand is an important issue for enhancing energy security. In this regard, green energy sources have attracted the attention of researchers from all over the globe. These sources will enhance high integration of renewable energy sources in the utility grid. The main issue with these renewable energy sources is their variable nature of generation, which depends on environmental conditions. Due to this, energy generation from solar and wind sources fluctuate in nature and directly affect generation frequency, voltage, and waveform and therefore affect the quality and amount of supply of energy to the integrated grid system. It is expected that the energy demand will increase by 70% from the present demand in the year 2030. However, the traditional energy sources are continuing to deplete day by day, which is a grave concern of energy usage per capita. The energy consumption per capita describes the living standard of a country. Thus it is essential that more renewable energy sources must be found that are locally available with optimization methods for enhancing energy generation efficiency. The available issues of the active power distribution system clearly indicate that the available techniques of planning, control, and operation require more efficient solutions.

This book presents various issues of an active electrical distribution network with solutions provided. Further, the potential of an engineering-based approach for a renewable energy system will systemically quantify the various options at several levels of distribution network planning, control, and operation via modeling, simulation, control, and optimization-dependent frameworks. The successful implementation of these approaches in a number of real-life case studies further highlights the significance of this integrated system-wide approach. This book presents the importance of fundamental and applied research in an active electricity distribution system by developing mechanisms for the transfer of the new methodology, which is applicable to the real-time problem.

Description of the Book

This book aims to be an essential source, building on available literature in the field of active distribution network planning, operation, and control, providing further research opportunities in this field. This specific text is expected to provide the primary and major resources necessary for researchers, academics, students, faculties, and scientists across the globe to adopt and implement new inventions in vital areas of traditional and active smart distribution networks and their utilization and energy management. Therefore, the Active Electrical Distribution Network: A Smart Approach should provide a platform to share up-to-date scientific achievements in the field as well as related fields. The book contains 22 chapters of high-quality contributions from international leading researchers in the field of power and energy systems. These chapters are divided into 11 sections depending upon their scope. The following list gives the main objectives:

1 Introduction of conventional and smart electrical distribution network.

2 Identified and explored the existing issues in a traditional electrical distribution network.

3 Identified and explored the harmonic mitigation issues in a smart distribution network.

4 Identified and explored the various techniques required to move towards smart distribution of electrical energy.

5 Identified and explored the energy management in an active distribution network.

6 Identified and investigated the optimal placement problem of a phasor measurement unit.

7 Identified and investigated the smart microgrid integration and optimization in the active distribution network.

8 Identified and investigated the integration of the electric vehicle technology in the active distribution network.

9 Identified and explored the reconfiguration of the smart distribution network.

10 Identified and explored the demand side management mechanisms and smart home energy management system in the active distribution network.

11 Identified and explored the smart meter technology in the active distribution network.

This book aims to be an essential reference source, building on the available literature in the field of modern and future active electrical distribution network operation and control, providing further research opportunities in this field. This specific text is expected to provide the primary and major resources necessary for researchers, academicians, students, faculties, and scientists, across the globe, to adopt and implement new inventions in the thrust area of active electrical distribution networks and their utilization and energy management. According to the application domain and nature, the chapters in this book are categorized into the following parts:

Part I: Electrical Distribution Network: Conventional vs Smart

Part II: Existing Issues in the Electrical Distribution Network

Part III: Harmonics Mitigation in the Smart Distribution Network

Part IV: Towards Smart Distribution of Electrical Energy

Part V: Energy Management of an Active Distribution Network

Part VI: Phasor Measurement Unit Placement

Part VII: Smart Microgrid Integration and Optimization

Part VIII: Electric Vehicle Technology

Part IX: Reconfiguration of a Smart Distribution Network

Part X: Demand Side Management Mechanisms and a Smart Home Energy Management System

Part XI: Smart Meter Technology

From recent trends, it can be observed that research is mainly focused on an active electric distribution network, its structures, operation and control, renewable energy resource integration, power quality issues with renewable energy sources, and integration issues of electric vehicles and a smart metering system.

This book will be a source of motivation to the researcher and can provide an exchange of knowledge of energy efficiency, power quality, reconfiguration, demand side management, smart home energy management systems, electric vehicle technology, smart metering, and integration of renewable energy sources for better utilization of the active electric distribution network. In order to meet the load demand and to improve the efficiency of energy management, researchers are working in the area of integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicle, smart meter, optimized operation of the microgrid system, and demand side management for the development of an active electrical distribution network.

A brief description of the chapters in this book is given as follows:

Chapter 1 discussed various electricity distribution structures and business models considering smart grid perspectives.

Chapter 2 discussed the distribution feeder segregation issue of the electrical distribution network.

Chapter 3 discussed the different technical, economical, and environmental issues associated with the traditional electrical distribution network.

Chapter 4 proposed a power quality mitigation technique in a distribution network using a battery energy storage system.

Chapter 5 performed grid power quality improvement using a bi-directional off-board electric vehicle battery charger in a smart city scenario.

Chapter 6 discussed the smart distribution of electrical energy.

Chapter 7 investigated the active distribution management system.

Chapter 8 discussed the role of Volt-VAr-W control in energy management.

Chapter 9 proposed active management of distribution networks.

Chapter 10 enhanced the performance of the state estimation algorithm through an optimally placed phasor measurement unit.

Chapter 11 discussed the integration and optimization of the smart microgrid system.

Chapter 12 proposed control algorithms for energy storage systems to reduce distribution power loss of microgrids.

Chapter 13 discussed various challenges and solution techniques for higher levels of wind energy penetration into the remote grid.

Chapter 14 investigated the forecasting aspects of the Internet of Things and machine learning for improving solar PV plant efficiency.

Chapter 15 proposed the modular design of nonlinear controllers for photovoltaic distributed generation systems.

Chapter 16 discussed vehicle-to-grid challenges and potential benefits for smart microgrids.

Chapter 17 discussed various test systems for the reconfiguration of radial distribution networks.

Chapter 18 investigated the different case studies for the distribution system reconfiguration.

Chapter 19 presented the genetic algorithm application in the distribution system reconfiguration.

Chapter 20 discussed demand response techniques and smart home energy management.

Chapter 21 discussed a sustainable building lightning solution for energy conservation in different geographical conditions.

Chapter 22 discussed the smart metering infrastructure for the smart grid system.