Читать книгу Mineral Resource Economy 2 - Группа авторов - Страница 2
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1 Cover
5 PART 1 Stakes 1 Toward a New Geopolitics of Raw Materials in the Energy Transition 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Measuring the criticality of raw materials and geopolitical risk 1.3. The geopolitics and geo-economics of raw materials in the energy transition 1.4. How can we manage strategic materials supply risk? 1.5. Conclusion: toward a new resource nationalism? 1.6. References 2 Legal Issues Regarding the Sustainable Management of Territorial and Extraterritorial Mineral Resources 2.1. National law regarding territorial mineral resources: the decisive issue of ownership 2.2. International law regarding territorial mineral resources: the central role of state sovereignty 2.3. International law regarding extraterritorial mineral resources: exploitation “for the benefit of mankind as a whole” 2.4. For a sustainable management of mineral resources 2.5. References 3 Mining and Societies 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Mines as a factor of settlement and landscape transformation 3.3. Mining in the Industrial Age 3.4. Contemporary mining transformations and challenges 3.5. Conclusion 3.6. References
6 PART 2 Action Levers 4 Maintaining or Even Developing the Mining of Mineral Resources in Europe: The Case of Wallonia (Belgium) 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Geological resources in Wallonia 4.3. Extension of sites/quantity of mining? 4.4. Decrease in sites/quantity of operations 4.5. Some levers for action 4.6. Conclusion 4.7. References 5 Substitution: Promises, Principles and Main Constraints 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Main economic foundations of substitution 5.3. Elements, components, systems: what are we really substituting? 5.4. The main obstacles to substitution 5.5. Other aspects to be taken into account 5.6. References 6 Resource Consumption and Decoupling 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Global use of resources 6.3. Material consumption indicators 6.4. Decoupling the economy from resource consumption 6.5. Responsibility for resource consumption 6.6. Conclusion 6.7. References 7 The Economics of Recycling: Ambitions, Myths and Constraints 7.1. The recycling economy, an ancient history 7.2. Geological and urban mines, similarities and differences in logic 7.3. Understand the definitions and indicators of recycling in order to express its performance 7.4. A limited deposit because we can only recycle what we have consumed 7.5. Multiple factors influencing recycling and its effectiveness 7.6. The technical constraints of metal recycling 7.7. Environmental benefits of recycling 7.8. Conclusion 7.9. References 8 Low-tech: A Path Toward the Necessary Metallic Sobriety? 8.1. Cornucopians versus doomsdayers 8.2. The circular economy, mission impossible? 8.3. Toward a metallic frugality 8.4. A possible and desirable transition 8.5. References
9 Index
List of Figures
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Raw material criticality measurement factors (source: adapted from H...Figure 1.2. China’s foreign direct investment in the metals sector (sources: Chi...
2 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Landscape of the Sierra de Gádor, near Almeria. Old lead mining, in ...Figure 3.2. Former mining site of the Carreau Wendel in the Lorraine coal basin....Figure 3.3. Coal basins and terminals in Australia. For a color version of this ...Figure 3.4. The Chuquicamata copper mine in the Chilean Andes, 1988 (source: Des...Figure 3.5. The Chuquicamata copper mine in the Chilean Andes in 2018 (source: D...Figure 3.6. The Yanacocha Gold Mine near Cajamarca, Peru (source: Deshaies (2009...
3 Chapter 6Figure 6.1. Global balance of material flows (socio-economic metabolism). The nu...Figure 6.2. World flows of in-use stocks, accumulated stocks and recycled materi...Figure 6.3. DMC and MF in tons per capita between 1990 and 2015 for different co...Figure 6.4. Relative and absolute decoupling of resource use from GDP. For a col...Figure 6.5. Relative change in DMC, MF and GDP between 1990 and 2015 for differe...
4 Chapter 7Figure 7.1. Description of material flows in the metal cycle according to the UN...Figure 7.2. Example of the relationship between material consumption and the con...Figure 7.3. Illustrative recycling chain stages and efficiency rates. For a colo...Figure 7.4. Diagram of the electronic waste treatment process from UMICORE to Ho...
5 Chapter 8Figure 8.1. Comparative change in world gross domestic product (GDP), world stee...
List of Table
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1. Raw material supply disruptions due to political instability since 19...Table 1.2. Maximum ratio of cumulative demand for materials by 2050 to identifie...Table 1.3. Geographic concentration of production (P) and reserves (R) of minera...Table 1.4. Amount of water and energy used for ore extraction or reuse of waste ...
2 Chapter 3Table 3.1. Major coal producers in 1981 and 2017 (source: BP Statistics (2018))
3 Chapter 7Table 7.1. Comparison of contents in natural deposits and in selected wastes (so...Table 7.2. Concentrations of precious metals in the stream to be recycled accord...Table 7.3. Distribution of income in the electronic waste deposit (source: Cucch...
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