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Section II: Background Information and Guidelines Definition

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Hypothyroidism is a common pathological condition characterised by the thyroid gland's inability to produce sufficient thyroid hormone to satisfy the body's metabolic demands. Primary clinical hypothyroidism is defined as the coexistence of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations above the upper limit of normal and free thyroxine (T4) concentrations below the reference range. In subclinical hypothyroidism (an early sign of thyroid gland failure), the TSH concentration is also above normal values, while T4 concentrations are within the reference range. The mean prevalence in countries with adequate iodine intake is estimated at 1–2%. The disease is more common among women, in those older than 65 years and in white individuals.

A Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry

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