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Additive manufacturing (AM): it can be described as a “freedom fabrication”, as it can construct any complex geometry with diverse materials by adding elements in a layer-by-layer fashion.

Direct metal deposition: this method is not based on other types of powder bed, but uses a feed nozzle to extrude the powder into the laser beam.

Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS): this technique is similar to selective laser melting (SLM), but has greater efficiency than the SLM technique.

Electron beam melting (EBM): in this method, a beam of electron is used to heat the raw material under vacuum and fused together.

Hybrid manufacturing: this term describes the process of combining additive manufacturing addition of materials in layers frame a component.

Laser metal fusion (LMF): in this method, a 3D part is formed by selectively melting the powder from the power bed and fusing it in layers with their support structures.

Selective laser melting (SLM): in this method, metallic powders are fused together using high density lasers.

1 Chapter written by Veeman DHINAKARAN, Mahesh VARSHA SHREE, Thimmaiah JAGADEESHA and Madabushi SWAPNA SAI.