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Direct metal deposition (DMD) differs from other types of powder beds as it involves a nozzle feeding the raw materials that are extruded as powdered metal into the laser beam and used for producing components such as turbine blades and drive shafts. The laser beams form a melt pool on the metallic surface through which the power is supplied. The laser beam is focused on the spray of powdered metal to scan the substrate in order to deposit the metal A which is formed by the melted powder that is bonded with the substrate. The width of the deposit is found between 0.6 and 2.4 mm, and the layer thickness ranges between 0.2 and 0.8 mm (Eisenbarth 2019). Nickel alloys, titanium, cobalt and copper are the most commonly used materials in this technique.

Figure 1.8. Direct metal deposition process (Mohamed 2017). For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/kumar/materials.zip