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In electron beam melting (EBM), the raw material is fused together by heating an electron beam under vacuum, which are used to build metallic components, especially in aerospace industries. In this method, a beam of electron acts as a heat transmission source that has a higher melting capacity, as well as productivity, which are controlled by electromagnetic coils, thereby allowing the melting of metals into a solid geometry. The EBM machine obtains input data from a CAD model and builds the part under vacuum (Zhao 2016). It is used to manufacture standard metal parts such as fixtures, prototypes and support structures in a slow and cost-effective process.

Figure 1.4. Electron beam melting (Mandil, 2016). For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/kumar/materials.zip