Читать книгу Building Information Modeling for a Smart and Sustainable Urban Space - Группа авторов - Страница 11

In the general context of “Data Sciences”, the exchange and sharing of data is unavoidable. Given the heterogeneity of systems, tools and formats, interoperability is recognized as a major challenge in the integration of multi-source data. Interoperability is the ability to ensure that data generated by one user can be correctly interpreted by all other users (Shen et al. 2010). Data interoperability enables reliable and efficient information exchange: it is a prerequisite for effective system integration in a collaborative context. The goal is to eliminate or reduce time-consuming and error-prone manual interventions inherent in the operation or exchange of data between software and users.

Interoperability in 3D urban modeling is the fundamental objective behind the development of the CityGML standard. CityGML is an open data model for the storage and exchange of 3D city models. The objective of the development of CityGML is to achieve a common definition of the basic entities, attributes and relationships of a 3D city model. CityGML is based on a very rich geometric, topological and semantic data model. It also provides a multi-scale representation through a number of defined levels of detail for urban objects (Gröger et al. 2012). The most commonly used level of detail is that of buildings.

In the field of construction engineering, IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) has been proposed as a standard based on an open object-oriented model. IFC is designed to model the objects of a BIM in terms of geometric information, semantics and relationships between elements to facilitate the interdisciplinary coordination of BIMs, the sharing and exchange of data between IFC-compliant applications, and the transfer and reuse of data in different contexts.

Over the last few years, a number of studies have been conducted to examine the potential for the integration of GIS and BIM (GeoBIM) through the standardization of exchanges between IFC and CityGML. However, the technical issues inherent to the management of interoperability between the two schemas are far from being mastered and still mobilize several research groups such as the EuroSDR GeoBIM working group (Noardo et al. 2020).