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Facial land marking and facial feature detection are significant activities that influence ensuing assignments concentrated on the face, for example, gaze detection, coding, face acknowledgment, and demeanor, as well as understanding of gestures, face tracking, and so on and so forth.

Face landmarks like the nose tip, eye corners, end points of the eyebrow curves, jaw line, nostril corners, and ear projections can serve as anchor points on a face chart. A few Landmarks that are less influenced by expressions are more reliable can be termed as fiducially points. In imaging systems, fiducially points are treated as imprints intentionally positioned in the scene to function as a point of reference shown in Figure 1.2 [13].

Figure 1.2 Applications of Face-Land marking [4].

Applications of Face-Land Marking

 • Expression Understanding: Facial expressions can be analyzed by means of temporal dynamics and spatial arrangements of landmarks.

 • Face Tracking: Number of facial factors are depicted on the face graph model. Face tracking is acknowledged by letting the model chart advance as per shape of face parameters, facial segments, and their mathematical relations.

 • Face Recognition: Locating the region of the eye and extracting holistic features from the windows fixated on different focal points.