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Foreword

Emerging cutting-edge methodologies of smart technology models are thoroughly investigated holistically reflected, comprehensively explained and meticulously illustrated in this book. Included are highly important fields of investigation and facilitation of original, innovative and novel real-life application of smart-technology models currently being used today, related to novel up-and-coming areas of business, industry and personal life. During previous decades, the analytical toolbox and heuristic methods of mathematics and statistics, computer science and analytics, and exploration and information have attracted the attention of numerous researchers and practitioners worldwide. This development has also had a strong impact on science, engineering, economics, the IT sector and, recently, the branches of hospitality and recreation, leisure, travel and the arts. Here, analysis and calculus, algebra and arithmetic, statistics and stochastics, optimization and optimal control, and neuro- and quantum physics have become key technologies of support from an integrated viewpoint, and are closely related and supportive to modern operational research (OR), including OR for development of developing countries, social complexity and ethics, to appropriately address aspects of living conditions, life perspectives, education, security, freedom and peace in relation to new and fast-growing industries, the environment, and towards future generations.

In the modern world, with data progressing in quantity and quality, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing field of technology. AI, along with OR, big data, mathematical data science and inverse problems, are standing on the frontline of technological and scientific enhancements which represent real and potential transitions within smart living both on the individual and community levels. These technological and scientific results and inventions, as well as their applications, are already impacting all branches of industry and occupations at a paradigm-shifting speed. Not only are current and future practical applications in diverse areas, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), renewable energy, finance and electricity markets, engineering optimization, smart cities, space-time design, quantum computation and physics, social sciences, etc., essential for any further advancement; but scientific design and research and invention through AI, OR, big data, mathematical data science and inverse problems also should not be neglected. Indeed, this book strives to contribute to all of them actively and proactively, creatively and responsibly.

The rise and emerging success of novel networking and mathematics-supported instruments, devices and technologies, such as 5G networks, social media, IoT networks, etc., have attracted a remarkable amount of attention from academia as well as industry professionals looking to utilize these technologies for efficient communication and enhanced welfare and quality purposes. This handbook proposes, discusses and elaborates the exciting applications of AI, OR, big data, mathematical data science and inverse problems in IoT and many other networks, along with intelligent strategies to protect them against security attacks and crime, abuse and fraud. Future world citizens are going to face an increasing number of developmental and sustainability challenges, as well as epidemiological, environmental and illiberality issues. Therefore, they need to be better prepared for energy and spiritual state transitions and sustainable, healthy and freedom-ensuring economic and social developments in order to live and collaborate in the smart and life-friendly world of tomorrow. Paradigms of a smart city, a clean environment and a caring society include and integrate the employment of intelligent computing and information management, smart and mathematics-supported networking methods and instruments to aid in improving the quality of life and reducing various costs. Advances in paradigms of AI, OR, big data, mathematical data science and inverse problems highlight the necessity of systems that aim at enhancing qualities and quantities for humanity’s security and joy of living.

For fulfilling its goals of serving all of us and also future generations, this handbook incorporates the newest achievements from mathematics and computer science, electrical and electronics engineering, neuroscience and cognitive sciences, medicine and social sciences, from creation torecreation. Respect and responsibility for the life and dignity of every human and creature are of premium importance. For these reasons, an edited collection of interesting and exciting research is proposed and introduced, prepared and worked out, and successfully completed in the chapters of this book.

Classical and heuristic, nature-inspired as well as holistic optimization methodologies have become increasingly popular and accepted as core technologies in all research fields of engineering and science design and technology, in practice and as a solution to the immense worldwide challenge of fostering individual and community fulfillment in an exceptional manner to prepare for a better future. The present and continuing trends which can be witnessed in applications of science in classical and emerging methodologies and instruments are continuing to grow and shift into the fields of economics and finance, healthcare and medicine, recreation and holiday industries, landscape use and space-time use and their protection all around the world. Collected in this new monograph and compendium are many fascinating, highly refined, high-quality chapters chosen from among a broad variety of research, design, development and application topics and fields. Wellestablished and quite novel techniques of classical and heuristic, life-inspired and spacetime-hosted optimization have been used to analyze, treat and solve some truly complex problems in the fields of modern management, business, industry, finance, academia, and future applications.

This handbook welcomed the proposals and elaborations made by authors from business, management, industries and economic institutions, and from social, environmental and developmental sciences, resulting in first-rate chapters from the research fields of mathematics and statistics, data science and analytics, machine learning, AI and OR, information and computer technologies associated with our fields of application and practice. The chapters herein reflect and offer new results, contributions and products in the current and growing body of insights and state-of-the-art knowledge to address problems affecting the underlying areas of human life, including exchange of information, matter and means of all states of trade and improvements in education, leisure, culture, freedom, empathy and peace. Hopefully this handbook will become an aid to investigators and researchers, designers and scientists, decision-makers and managers, supervisors and executives, medical doctors and patients, producers and consumers, employers and employees, travelers and tourists, hoteliers and agents, directors and financiers, artists and participants, reflectors and servants to humanity and anybody curious about and interested in past, present and future times and lives.

To all the respected authors of this amazingly high number of valuable 41 chapters, I convey my compliments and gratitude for having shared their care and foresight, enthusiasm and dedication, knowledge and assessment, wisdom and vision with our scientific and applied communities, and with humankind. I express my thanks to the publishing house Wiley-Scrivener Publishing, USA, and to the editors, Dr. Mukhdeep Singh Manshahia (Punjabi University, Patiala. Punjab, India), Dr. Valeriy Kharchenko (Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Russia), Dr. Elias Munapo (Department of Statistics & Operations Research, NWUMafikeng Campus, South Africa), Dr. J. Joshua Thomas (UOW Malaysia, KDU Penang University College, Malaysia), and Dr. Pandian Vasant (University Technology Petronas, Malaysia), for having provided, maintained and developed this chance for many experts to make public and popular the best parts of their achievements, contributions, works and even lifework. To all of them I express my thankfulness for having spent so much care to guarantee a premium compendium and monograph of a highly academic, practical and impactful socially significant and paradigm-shifting offer to our world, our times and lives.

Now, what is left for me is to wish you all a lot of pleasure, interest and joy when browsing through, inquiring deeply, getting inspired and richly benefitting from this enriching handbook. Yes, very much I hope that its blessings will be great for you and us all, personally and societally, and continue to remain with humankind and all of creation.

Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey