Читать книгу Clinical Nursing Skills at a Glance - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 The nursing process.Figure 2.2 Henderson's needs theory.Figure 2.3 Orem's theory of self‐care deficit.Figure 2.4 Activities of daily living.

2 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Mixing opinion and fact.Figure 4.2 Illegible writing.Figure 4.3 Removing an error.Figure 4.4 Designation and signature.Figure 4.5 Counter‐signature.

3 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Invasion of personal space.Figure 5.2 Calm, confident, and non‐threatening approach.Figure 5.3 Showing concern and support.

4 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Implied consent.Figure 7.2 Translation material.Figure 7.3 Materials in Braille.Figure 7.4 Written consent with signature.

5 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Engaged clip for curtains.

6 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Sit to stand.Figure 9.2 Walking with assistance of one.Figure 9.3 Walking with assistance of two.Figure 9.4 Walking with a frame.Figure 9.5 Standing to sitting.

7 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Turning in bed – two‐person.Figure 10.2 Preparing the slide sheet.Figure 10.3 Using the slide sheet.Figure 10.4 Lateral transfer.Figure 10.5 Using a hoist.

8 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Head tilt/chin lift.Figure 11.2 Chest compressions.Figure 11.3 Mouth‐to‐mouth resuscitation.Figure 11.4 Defibrillator pad placement.

9 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Back slap.Figure 12.2 Abdominal thrusts.Figure 12.3 Recovery position.

10 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Chain of infection.Figure 13.2 Five moments for hand hygiene.Figure 13.3 Routine hand cleansing procedure.Figure 13.4 Clinical waste disposal in hospital.Figure 13.5 Personal protective equipment – removal.

11 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Check patient ID against prescription.Figure 14.2 Medication administration.Figure 14.3 Recording medication not given.

12 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Anatomy and physiology of the skin.Figure 15.2 Safety needles.Figure 15.3 Subcutaneous injection sites.Figure 15.4 Subcutaneous injection.Figure 15.5 Z‐track technique.

13 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 National Early Warning Score (NEWS 2) chart.Figure 16.2 Oxygen usage using the Royal College of Physicians abbreviations...Figure 16.3 National Early Warning Score (NEWS) scoring.Figure 16.4 Escalation to the designated clinical personnel.

14 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 ACVPU recording.Figure 17.2 Applying pressure: fingernail.Figure 17.3 Applying pressure: trapezium pinch.Figure 17.4 Applying pressure: supraorbital pressure.Figure 17.5 Abnormal motor responses.

15 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Pupil gauge.Figure 18.2 Assessing arm drift.Figure 18.3 Assessing arm strength.Figure 18.4 Assessing leg strength.

16 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Mini‐Mental State Examination – sample questions.Figure 19.2 Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) – short form.Figure 19.3 Mini‐Cog.

17 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Numerical Pain Rating Scale.Figure 20.2 Verbal Analogue Scale.Figure 20.3 Verbal Rating Scale.Figure 20.4 Wong–Baker Faces.

18 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Assessment of neurovascular status.Figure 21.2 Pallor in limb.Figure 21.3 Passive movements.Figure 21.4 Oedema at the site of injury.

19 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Tonic‐clonic seizures.Figure 22.2 Atonic seizure.Figure 22.3 Focal seizures.Figure 22.4 Absence seizures.

20 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Tongue obstructing the airway.Figure 23.2 Suction equipment.Figure 23.3 (a) Nasopharyngeal airways. (b) Measuring for the correct size....Figure 23.4 Oropharyngeal airways.Figure 23.5 Oropharyngeal airways: (a) measurement; (b) insertion

21 Chapter 24Figure 24.1 Inhalation and exhalation.

22 Chapter 25Figure 25.1 Peripheral O₂ monitoring.Figure 25.2 (a) Ear O₂ monitoring. (b) Nasal O₂ monitoring.Figure 25.3 National Early Warning Score (NEWS) scoring: SpO2 levels and O2 ...

23 Chapter 26Figure 26.1 Arterial line setup.Figure 26.2 Arterial blood gas (ABG) wave formation.

24 Chapter 27Figure 27.1 Auscultation step ladder approach.Figure 27.2 (a) Anterior position; (b) posterior position.Figure 27.3 Lateral position.

25 Chapter 28Figure 28.1 Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) chart – normal values....Figure 28.2 Peak flow equipment.Figure 28.3 Correct positioning for obtaining peak expiratory flow rate (PEF...

26 Chapter 29Figure 29.1 Nasal cannulae.Figure 29.2 Venturi and mask.Figure 29.3 Non‐rebreathe mask.Figure 29.4 Comfortable and secure oxygen devices.

27 Chapter 30Figure 30.1 Spacer with mouthpiece (a) and mask (b).Figure 30.2 Nebuliser (a) and equipment (b).Figure 30.3 Nebuliser with mouthpiece.

28 Chapter 31Figure 31.1 Tracheostomy tubes.Figure 31.2 Tracheostomy safety equipment.Figure 31.3 Heat moisture exchange.Figure 31.4 Tracheostomy dressing change.

29 Chapter 32Figure 32.1 Chest drain insertion site.Figure 32.2 Chest drains.Figure 32.3 Chest drain dressing.

30 Chapter 33Figure 33.1 Pulse sites.Figure 33.2 Taking a radial pulse.Figure 33.3 Documenting a pulse.

31 Chapter 34Figure 34.1 Manual blood pressure equipment.Figure 34.2 Choosing the correct cuff.Figure 34.3 Correct cuff and stethoscope position.Figure 34.4 Documenting blood pressure.

32 Chapter 35Figure 35.1 Oral thermometer placement.Figure 35.2 Chemical dot reading.Figure 35.3 Taking the tympanic temperature with ear tug.Figure 35.4 Correct documentation.

33 Chapter 36Figure 36.1 (a, b) Changes in skin colour.Figure 36.2 Blanching nail beds in capillary refill time.Figure 36.3 Documenting capillary refill time.Figure 36.4 Sternum capillary refill time assessment.

34 Chapter 37Figure 37.1 Central venous catheter position.Figure 37.2 Pressure bag.Figure 37.3 Identification of the phlebostatic axis.Figure 37.4 Central venous pressure waveform.Figure 37.5 Trendelenburg position.

35 Chapter 38Figure 38.1 PQRST wave. Figure 38.2 12‐lead ECG placement. Figure 38.3 3‐lead ECG.Figure 38.4 Eindhoven's triangle. Figure 38.5 5‐lead ECG.

36 Chapter 39Figure 39.1 Stadiometer.Figure 39.2 Weighing scales.Figure 39.3 Estimating height from ulna length.Figure 39.4 Estimating body mass index (BMI) category from mid upper arm cir...

37 Chapter 40Figure 40.1 Red tray.Figure 40.2 Adapted cutlery.

38 Chapter 41Figure 41.1 Fine‐bore tube.Figure 41.2 Large bore tubeFigure 41.3 Nose to ear to xiphisternum (NEX) measurementFigure 41.4 Obtaining gastric aspirate.Figure 41.5 Assessing gastric pH.

39 Chapter 42Figure 42.1 Gastrotomy tube.Figure 42.2 Oral syringes.Figure 42.3 Enteral feeding.Figure 42.4 Enteral feeding equipment.Figure 42.5 Liquid medication.

40 Chapter 43Figure 43.1 Bristol Stool Chart.Figure 43.2 Skin integrity assessment.

41 Chapter 44Figure 44.1 Correct position for opening your bowels.Figure 44.2 When listening to the bowel, move systematically around all four...

42 Chapter 45Figure 45.1 Correct position for rectal medication administration.Figure 45.2 Suppositories.Figure 45.3 Enema.

43 Chapter 46Figure 46.1 Types of abdominal stoma.Figure 46.2 Different types of stoma appliance.Figure 46.3 Fitting a colostomy flange.Figure 46.4 Stoma powder.Figure 46.5 Skin protection barrier cream.

44 Chapter 47Figure 47.1 Urinary system.Figure 47.2 ANTT Catheter specimen of urine CSU ) from a port site.Figure 47.3 Reagent strip submersion.Figure 47.4 Reading reagent strip (hold horizontally).Figure 47.5 Documenting urinalysis results.

45 Chapter 48Figure 48.1 Sphincter muscle controlling continence.Figure 48.2 Female incontinence products.Figure 48.3 Male incontinence products.Figure 48.4 Incontinence bedding and chair covers.

46 Chapter 49Figure 49.1 Catheter balloon.Figure 49.2 Male and female catheters.Figure 49.3 Catheterisation equipment.Figure 49.4 Urometer and catheter bags.Figure 49.5 Tear along the perforated edge.Figure 49.6 Male catheterisation.Figure 49.7 Inflate the balloon.

47 Chapter 50Figure 50.1 StatLock stabilisation device.Figure 50.2 Adjust tap for free drainage.Figure 50.3 Catheter bag on a stand.Figure 50.4 Open (a) and closed (b) catheter clamp.

48 Chapter 51Figure 51.1 Intermittent catheters: male and female.Figure 51.2 Suprapubic catheter placement. Figure 51.3 Drain balloon.

49 Chapter 52Figure 52.1 Muscle weakness/atrophy.Figure 52.2 Postural malalignment.

50 Chapter 54Figure 54.1 Measuring legs.Figure 54.2 Place hand inside stocking to heel.Figure 54.3 Ensure that heel is fitted correctly.Figure 54.4 Correct placement with two finger measurements.

51 Chapter 55Figure 55.1 Triangular bandage sling.Figure 55.2 Soft tissue injury support.

52 Chapter 57Figure 57.1 Measure the patient's neck against anatomical landmarks.Figure 57.2 Apply the collar while maintaining neutral head position.Figure 57.3 Bring the front of the collar into position and fasten the Velcr...Figure 57.4 Assessing level of lesion.Figure 57.5 Stabilise head with forearms either side.

53 Chapter 58Figure 58.1 (a) Fifth assistant position (front, centre) for tetraplegic spi...Figure 58.2 Second assistant position, tetraplegic spinal log roll; first as...Figure 58.3 Third assistant position, tetraplegic spinal log roll; second as...Figure 58.4 Fourth assistant position, tetraplegic spinal log roll; third as...Figure 58.5 Pillow support in a side position.Figure 58.6 Floating heels.

54 Chapter 59Figure 59.1 Roll soiled sheet to sacrum.Figure 59.2 Place rolled clean sheet on bed.Figure 59.3 Roll patient to other side and remove soiled sheet.Figure 59.4 Roll out clean sheet and make bed.Figure 59.5 Make patient comfortable.

55 Chapter 60Figure 60.1 Safe position of bed rinser: (a) bed; (b) sink.Figure 60.2 Using jug to rinse from the forehead.Figure 60.3 Supporting shaving.

56 Chapter 61Figure 61.1 Common locations of pressure ulcers.

57 Chapter 62Figure 62.1 Skin breakdown and ulcer formation.Figure 62.2 Ankle‐brachial pressure index (ABPI) measurement. (a) Treadmill ...Figure 62.3 Compression therapy.

58 Chapter 63Figure 63.1 Check for expiry dates.Figure 63.2 Sterile field.Figure 63.3 Putting on sterile gloves.

59 Chapter 64Figure 64.1 Lund and Bowder chart.Figure 64.2 Wallace rule of nines for adults.

60 Chapter 65Figure 65.1 Loosely wrap the patient in a sheet.Figure 65.2 Body bag.Figure 65.3 Cause of Death certificate.

61 Chapter 66Figure 66.1 Different types of surgical drain.Figure 66.2 Closed active drain, with and without vacuum.

62 Chapter 67Figure 67.1 Suture techniques.Figure 67.2 Staples.Figure 67.3 Skin adhesive – glue.Figure 67.4 Skin adhesive – SteriStrips.Figure 67.5 Equipment for removal of sutures and staples.Figure 67.6 Using a stitch cutter.Figure 67.7 Removing staples.

63 Chapter 68Figure 68.1 Effects of insulin and glucagon on blood sugar levels.Figure 68.2 Capillary blood glucose equipment.Figure 68.3 Taking a capillary blood glucose.Figure 68.4 Glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

64 Chapter 69Figure 69.1 Winged infusion set.Figure 69.2 Safety needle and holder.Figure 69.3 Venepuncture equipment.Figure 69.4 Tourniquet application.Figure 69.5 Inserting needle into vein.Figure 69.6 Activate sharps safety.

65 Chapter 70Figure 70.1 Cannula sizing (flow rate in mL/min will change slightly dependi...Figure 70.2 Closed system.Figure 70.3 Portless open system.Figure 70.4 Extension set/two‐way tap.Figure 70.5 Cannulation equipment.Figure 70.6 Crosshatch technique for cleaning.

66 Chapter 71Figure 71.1 Intravenous fluid.Figure 71.2 Giving sets: (top) free flow; (bottom) infusion pump.Figure 71.3 Pre‐filled syringe.Figure 71.4 Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP) score.Figure 71.5 Piercing the bag.Figure 71.6 Giving set chamber.Figure 71.7 Documentation.

67 Chapter 72Figure 72.1 Fluid balance chart.Figure 72.2 Receptacles.Figure 72.3 Vomit bowl.Figure 72.4 Fluid balance documentation.