Читать книгу Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 416

There are at least 30 essential vitamins and minerals and a vast array of important bioactive compounds in the human diet, so a detailed discussion is beyond the scope of this chapter. For more information, see summaries about the roles of vitamins and minerals in health and disease available from the US National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements,⁵ US Department of Agriculture,⁶ and Dietary Guidelines for Americans.⁷ The Fact Sheets for Health Professionals may be particularly useful for clinicians.⁵

The essential vitamins include vitamins A, C, D, E, and K, choline, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folate (B9), and cobalamin (B12). Essential minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium, molybdenum, chromium, and fluoride. A succinct summary of the characteristics of several key micronutrients, including their functions, deficiency diseases or symptoms, age‐related changes in metabolism, public health concerns, and sources from foods and supplements, is provided in Table 16.3.