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Endocrine, diabetes, and metabolic

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Obesity has been shown to be associated with faecal incontinence in women in some studies,41,42 and weight loss through bariatric surgery has been shown to reduce the frequency of faecal incontinence,43 although the dietary and lifestyle changes required to be eligible for bariatric surgery may also be relevant factors. Endocrine disorders leading to changes in bowel habit, such as constipation associated with hypothyroidism, may lead to impaction and subsequent faecal incontinence. Likewise, poorly controlled diabetes is associated with faecal incontinence, likely due to autonomic and peripheral neuropathy.44

Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine

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