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This technique is commonly used for soft tissue, visceral, and thoracic masses (Osborne et al. 1974; Atwater et al. 1994; deRycke et al. 1999). Image guidance is recommended when using this technique in closed body cavities. Most patients require sedation and local anesthesia but may not need general anesthesia.

Instrumentation includes a needle core biopsy instrument (automated or manual) (Figure 1.3), #11 scalpel blade, local anesthetic, and a 22 g hypodermic needle. To perform the procedure, the area surrounding the mass is clipped free of fur and prepared with aseptic technique. If intact skin is to be penetrated and the animal is not anesthetized, the skin overlying the area to be penetrated is anesthetized with lidocaine or bupivacaine. A 1–2 mm stab incision is made over the mass to allow for placement of the needle core biopsy instrument. The instrument is oriented properly and fired, and the instrument is withdrawn. The 22 g needle can be used to gently remove the biopsy from the trough of the needle core instrument. This identical procedure is performed for masses within a body cavity; however, it is necessary to use image guidance (most commonly ultrasound) for proper placement of the instrument within the desired tissue. Imaging can be used to determine the depth of penetration and to safely avoid nearby vital structures.