Читать книгу Fractures in the Horse - Группа авторов - Страница 72

Between 1987 and 1993, reports indicated that catastrophic fractures occurred with frequencies of 0.33 per 1000 flat, 1.4 per 1000 hurdle and 2.3 per 1000 steeplechase racing starts [2]. The sites of fractures recorded by racecourse veterinarians, between 1996 and 1998, referred to ‘sesamoid/fetlock’ at 0.52 per 1000 starts, ‘cannon/splint’ at 0.46 per 1000 starts and ‘carpal/accessory carpal’ at 0.36 per 1000 starts as the most common locations [1]. However, this study also reported a significant number of fractures at ‘unknown sites’ (1.42 per 1000 starts), and it was this, in part, that prompted a further study that aimed to accurately describe the anatomical location of all fatal distal limb fractures occurring in Thoroughbred racing in the UK between 1999 and 2006 [10]. Overall, the incidence of fatal distal limb fracture per 1000 starts was 0.38 on turf flat, 0.72 on all‐weather flat, 0.93 in hurdle races, 1.37 in races over steeplechase fences and 2.17 in national hunt flat races (introductory races for horses that are being prepared for jump racing and which have not previously run in flat races). The frequency of the most common types of fatal distal limb fractures in different types of race in GB were also calculated: fractures of the lateral condyle of the third metacarpal bone were most common in jump racing (0.28 per 1000 starts in hurdle and 0.96 per 1000 starts in national hunt flat racing), proximal phalangeal fractures were most common in turf flat racing (0.16 per 1000 starts) and biaxial proximal sesamoid fractures were most common in all‐weather flat racing (0.39 per 1000 starts) [10].

Recent data recorded by British Horseracing Authority veterinary officers reported an overall incidence of fatality in flat racing of 0.76 per 1000 starts between 2000 and 2013 [4]. It also estimated that in flat racing the incidence of fracture (and fatal fracture) of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone (Mc/Mt3) was 0.30 (0.19) per 1000 starts, the pelvis 0.26 (0.08) per 1000 starts, the proximal phalanx 0.21 (0.12) per 1000 starts and the proximal sesamoid bones 0.07 (0.05) per 1000 starts. These figures include all flat races on turf and all‐weather surfaces, and it was noted that the overall risk of bone injury (of which 94% were described as fractures or possible fractures) on all‐weather surfaces was 1.5 per 1000 starts compared to 1.24 per 1000 starts on turf. In a follow‐up study, the same authors calculated that the risk of fatal or non‐fatal distal limb fracture in all‐weather flat racing was 0.95 per 1000 starts [5]. In national hunt flat races between 2000 and 2013, the incidence of fracture (and fatal fracture) that included Mc/Mt3 was 1.03 (0.88) per 1000 starts and the pelvis was 0.42 (0.22) per 1000 starts [3].