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The routes generated by the offline algorithm may be subject to changes due to unforeseen events. In order to integrate a dynamic and reactive aspect to the proposed algorithm, we propose the management of in real time uncertainties related to caregiver availability or delay due to a change in activity duration. Caregivers should send notifications at the start and end of each visit through a dedicated mobile application. If they are late or unable to complete the assigned activity, they should immediately notify this to the planning officer. As a result, the scheduling agent executes the rescheduling algorithm (online) to reassign care to another available caregiver. The objective is to be able to carry out all the planned visits with the available caseworkers while respecting all the constraints shown in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2. Online rescheduling process. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/chaabane/healthcare.zip

To ensure that the rescheduling step takes place in case of disruptions, the planning officer needs to know the availability of careworkers. The required information is provided by notifications from caregivers. The planning officer has all the necessary information about patients’ preferences. When the new plan is generated, the agent sends it to the workers concerned after generating the new schedule (equation [2.2]).

[2.2]

SA corresponds to the scheduling agent who is the request sender, MSAk represents the care worker k with a modification on their schedule, Vm (t) corresponds to the vector containing all the tasks t to be performed by MSAk, TreatmentTime (Vm) corresponds to the duration of the treatment Vm (t), PC refers to the geolocation coordinates of the patient and PS corresponds to the full patient features. When an MSAk receives a new schedule, they must approve it by notifying the SA scheduling agent.

To conclude, we have chosen a modeling approach based on two phases. The first phase is establishing caregiver schedules in an offline mode. The second phase, dedicated to the management of disruptions, generates a new schedule in real time, that is, online. It consists of rescheduling the GGA algorithm several times, taking into consideration the available caregivers and the associated information known at the time of the rescheduling (the state of their current schedule and their geolocation).