Читать книгу Plastic and Microplastic in the Environment - Группа авторов - Страница 28

MPs have been reported in lakes of Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America (Table 1.1). In North America, many studies have focused on the Great Lakes system. These studies are clarified by watershed populations, lake areas, and industrial activities. (Anderson et al. 2017; Corcoran et al. 2015; Eriksen et al. 2013). The average number of MPs at the Great Lakes was as high as 193 000 items/km² (Anderson et al. 2017). In Europe, research on MPs usually relates to population sizes. It varies from the densely populated lakes in Swiss Lake Geneva (Faure et al. 2015) to the less populated lakes such as Italian Lakes Bolsena, Chiusi, and Garda, and Swiss Lake Brienz (Fischer et al. 2016; Imhof et al. 2013). To the extent of our knowledge, the greatest number of MPs in Europe has been reported in Lake Geneva, Switzerland, with 220 000 items/km² (Faure et al. 2015). Most MP research in Asia is conducted in lakes in China. MPs were found in all study areas from the isolated lakes in Tibetan Plateau (Zhang et al. 2016) to lakes in the most developed areas such as the Taihu Lake (Su et al. 2016). The MPs pollution in China is reported to be more serious than in other regions. Su et al. (2016) found MPs contamination in Taihu Lake with the abundance ranging from 0.1 × 10⁶ to 6.8 × 10⁶ items/km².