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Before providing two recent examples of twenty‐first century computational statistics (Section 3), we present three easily quantified Core Challenges within computational statistics that we believe will always exist: big , or inference from many observations; big , or inference with high‐dimensional models; and big , or inference with nonconvex objective – or multimodal density – functions. In twenty‐first century computational statistics, these challenges often co‐occur, but we consider them separately in this section.