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1 Chapter 1Figure 1 A nontraditional and critically important application in computatio...

2 Chapter 3Figure 1 An MLP with three layers.Figure 2 Convolution operation with stride size .Figure 3 Pooling operation with stride size .Figure 4 LeNet‐5 of LeCun et al. [8].Figure 5 Architecture of an autoencoder.Figure 6 Architecture of variational autoencoder (VAE).Figure 7 Feedforward network.Figure 8 Architecture of recurrent neural network (RNN).Figure 9 Architecture of long short‐term memory network (LSTM).

3 Chapter 4Figure 1 Taxonomy of concept drift in data stream.

4 Chapter 5Figure 1 Histograms of simulated boxes and mean number of boxes for two Mont...Figure 2 Estimated risk at (a) and at (b) with pointwise Bonferroni corr...Figure 3 Estimated density of the marginal posterior for from an initial r...Figure 4 Estimated autocorrelations for nonlinchpin sampler (a) and linchpin...

5 Chapter 7Figure 1 Importance sampling with importance distribution of an exponential Figure 2 Failed simulation of a Student's distribution with mean when si...Figure 3 Recovery of a Normal distribution when simulating realizations ...Figure 4 Histogram of simulations of a distribution with the target dens...Figure 5 (a) Histogram of iterations of a slice sampler with a Normal ta...Figure 6 100 last moves of the above slice sampler.Figure 7 Independent Metropolis sequence with a proposal equal to the dens...Figure 8 Fit of a Metropolis sample of size to a target when using a trunc...Figure 9 Graph of a truncated Normal density and fit by the histogram of an ...

6 Chapter 9Figure 1 Graphical description of three possible dependencies between the ad...

7 Chapter 12Figure 1 Decision tree for headache data.Figure 2 RFIT analysis of the headache data: (a) Estimated ITE with SE error...Figure 3 Exploring important effect moderators in the headache data: (a) Var...Figure 4 Comparison of MSE averaged over 1000 interaction trees using method...

8 Chapter 13Figure 1 The metabolite–microbe interaction network. Only edges linking a me...Figure 2 Scatter plots of microbe and metabolite pairs.

9 Chapter 14Figure 1 An example of first‐, second‐, and third‐order tensors.Figure 2 Tensor fibers, unfolding and vectorization.Figure 3 An example of magnetic resonance imaging. The image is obtained fro...Figure 4 A third‐order tensor with a checkerbox structure.Figure 5 A schematic illustration of the low‐rank tensor clustering method....Figure 6 The tensor formulation of multidimensional advertising decisions.Figure 7 Illustration of the tensor‐based CNN compression from Kossaifi et a...

10 Chapter 15Figure 1 A Bayesian tree.Figure 2 The Boston housing data was compiled from the 1970 US Census, where...Figure 3 The distribution of and the sparse Dirichlet prior [16]. The key ...

11 Chapter 16Figure 1 LASSO and nonconvex penalties: both SCAD and MCP do not penalize th...

12 Chapter 17Figure 1 Hierarchy‐preserving solution paths by RAMP. (a) Strong hierarchy; ...

13 Chapter 18Figure 1 Marginal prior of for different choices of .Figure 2 Estimated autocorrelations for for the three algorithms. Approxim...Figure 3 Trace plots (with true value indicated) and density estimates for o...Figure 4 (a) Plots for and (in dashed gray and dashed black, respectiv...Figure 5 Plot of as a function of , where varies between and 1.Figure 6 The posterior mean of in a normal means problem: the ‐axis and

14 Chapter 20Figure 1 ACS 2017 state estimates of the number of households (millions).Figure 2 ACS 2017 state estimates of the number of households (millions). A ...Figure 3 ACS 2017 median household income (USD) with 95% confidence interval...Figure 4 Log 10 US ACS 2017 state estimates of the number of households (per...Figure 5 ACS 2017 state estimates of the number of households (millions), wi...Figure 6 2017 ACS household median income (USD) estimates with 95% confidenc...Figure 7 Sloppy plot of 2017 ACS household median income (USD) estimates.Figure 8 Sloppy plot of 2017 ACS household median income (USD) estimates wit...Figure 9 ACS 2017 state estimates of the number of households (millions).Figure 10 ACS 2017 state estimates of the number of households (millions). T...Figure 11 2017 ACS household median income (USD) estimates with confidence i...

15 Chapter 21Figure 1 A subset of the graphical annotations used to show properties of a ...Figure 2 The process of generating a quantile dotplot from a log‐normal dist...Figure 3 Illustration of HOPs compared to error bars from the same distribut...Figure 4 Example Cone of Uncertainty produced by the National Hurricane Cent...Figure 5 (a) An example of an ensemble hurricane path display that utilizes ...

16 Chapter 22Figure 1 Classic dataflow visualization architecture.Figure 2 Client–server visualization architecture.Figure 3 (a) Piecewise linear confidence intervals and (b) bootstrapped regr...Figure 4 Dot plot and histogram.Figure 5 2D binning of 100 000 points.Figure 6 2D binning of thousands of clustered points.Figure 7 Massive data scatterplot matrix by Dan Carr [9].Figure 8 nD aggregator illustrated with 2D example.Figure 9 (a) Parallel coordinate plots of all columns and (b) aggregated col...Figure 10 Code snippets for computing statistics on aggregated data sources....Figure 11 Box plots of 100 000 Gaussians.Figure 12 Lensing a scatterplot matrix.Figure 13 Sorted and scrolling parallel coordinates [27].

17 Chapter 23Figure 1 Parallel coordinate plot of the Pima data, colored by the diabetes ...Figure 2 Heatmap of the LDA scores for measuring group separation for one an...Figure 3 PD/ICE plots for predictor smoke, from two fits to the FEV data. Ea...Figure 4 Condvis2 screenshot for a linear model and random forest fit to the...Figure 5 Condvis2 screenshot for a linear model and random forest fit to the...Figure 6 Condvis2 section plots for glucose and age from a BART (dashed line Figure 7 Condvis2 section plots for glucose and age showing classification b...Figure 8 Condvis2 section plots for mixed effects models and random forest f...Figure 9 Condvis2 section plots of two mixed effects models and a fixed effe...

18 Chapter 24Figure 1 Functional data: the hip (a) and knee (b) angles of each of the 39 ...Figure 2 The functional boxplots for the hip and knee angles of each of the ...Figure 3 The bivariate and marginal MS plots for the hip and knee angles of ...Figure 4 The two‐stage functional boxplots for the hip (a) and knee (b) angl...Figure 5 The trajectory functional boxplot (a) and the MSBD–WO plot (b) for ...

19 Chapter 26Figure 1 Minimizing of Equation (3) via coordinate descent starting from t...

20 Chapter 29Figure 1 Simple computer surrogate model example where the response, , is m...Figure 2 Example local designs under MSPE and ALC criteria. Numbers plotte...Figure 3 LAGP‐calculated predictive mean on “Herbie's Tooth” data. Actually,...Figure 4 Time versus accuracy comparison on SARCOS data.

21 Chapter 31Figure 1 The organization and connections of concepts in this chapter.

22 Chapter 32Figure 1 Synchronous versus asynchronous parallel computing with shared memo...