Читать книгу High-Performance Materials from Bio-based Feedstocks - Группа авторов - Страница 19

Apart from biopolymers and proteins, bio‐based resources may contain various active compounds that possess unique properties. Such high‐value chemicals may include fragrances, flavoring agents, and nutraceuticals like vitamins and antioxidants, and are generally extracted first before further processing of the biomass [12]. Naturally occurring fat‐soluble (A, D, E, and K) and water‐soluble vitamins (B and C) find applications in food. Here the key challenge is to retain the stability of the vitamins during storage and processing, which can be done by encapsulating the vitamin into delivery vesicles such as liposomes or coacervates (Chapter 14). Lecithins (such as phosphatidylcholine) and saponins (such as Quillaja saponins) are molecules with amphiphilic properties, which are used as natural surfactants to stabilize various vitamin‐containing emulsions (Chapter 14). Other active compounds include antioxidants, essential oils (e.g. oregano, thyme, clove, and cinnamon), and various extracts (e.g. from spent coffee grounds). Their incorporation into food packaging can prolong the shelf life of foods (Chapter 15).