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2.5.9 Childhood Obesity, a Growing Concern

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Another prevailing concern worldwide is childhood obesity in both developing and developed countries. The data from NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) in the year 2015 and 2016 highlighted that there was gradual increase in the overall prevalence of obesity from childhood, adolescents, and youth to adults from nearly 14 to 19% and 40%, respectively. Recently, childhood obesity has seen a considerable spike and the environment around the home of the child is the most prevalent cause. Along with the prevalence of obesity, 70% of the children had a minimum of one cardiometabolic risk factor (WHO 2019a). Insulin resistance due to obesity was more prevalent in young girls than boys. In terms of number, it is alarming that around 38 million children worldwide under the age of five years were reported to be overweight in 2019 (WHO 2019b). Childhood obesity leads to breathing difficulties, increased bone injuries, and psychological breakdown. Obese children have a predisposition for premature death, insulin resistance, adult obesity, and chronic inflammation. Various studies suggest the shared link between early markers of CVD, NAFLD with paediatric obesity. Therefore, paediatric obesity and its striking association of comorbidities such as asthma, fatty liver, sleep apnea, hypertension, orthopaedic problems, and type 2 diabetes in children bear economic and psychological burden on the children as well as their families along with the health issues (Corvalán et al. 2010).

Urban Ecology and Global Climate Change

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