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McCabe and colleagues’ work surveyed large groups of undergraduate and graduate students over multiple institutions and campuses. Some of the same institutions made the survey available to their students in several of the years in which data were collected. Students in these studies indicated their engagement in numerous types of cheating and plagiarism behaviors within the last year, based on Bowers's (1964) study, with nine behaviors (below) common across all times of testing.

1 Copying a few sentences of material without footnoting in a paper.

2 “Padding” a few items on a bibliography.

3 Plagiarized from public material on papers.

4 Getting questions or answers from someone who has already taken the same exam.

5 Copying from another student on a test or exam.

6 Working on the same homework with several students when the teacher doesn't allow it.

7 Turned in papers done entirely, or in part, by other students.

8 Giving answers to other students during an exam.

9 Used crib notes during an exam.

Students who had ever engaged in any of the behaviors listed above were counted as having cheated/plagiarized to estimate the total prevalence of cheating/plagiarism in each survey.