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Artificial intelligence is the name of the general discipline that combines software and hardware studies. It includes designing systems that act like a human, learning and making decisions like humans. Scientists have been curious about artificial intelligence since the 1950s and there is increasing interest in it. It has become an even more important discipline with the developments in information technologies. The focus on developing systems that exhibit human-like behavior has already attained this goal in some areas. Examining the recent history of artificial intelligence shows that machine learning algorithms and then deep learning algorithms have led to striking developments. For example, thanks to natural language processing, systems that produce and understand language have been developed; with the help of image processing techniques, systems close to human vision have been developed; systems that imitate human learning, systems that extract information, systems that establish connections have been developed; and studies that reveal abnormal situations have been conducted.

The main reason artificial intelligence-powered solutions have come to the fore is their ability to exploit many advantages of information technologies. Cheaper storage units, the increase in the capacities of the processing units, and advances in artificial intelligence algorithms make the field more popular every day. The cheaper storage units and the increase in their capacity have enabled more patient data to be stored. The increase in capacity and speed in processor units makes it possible to analyze data in a way not possible in the past. In fact, data collection and transfer possibilities from remote units have increased due to the developments in network technologies. All developments favor artificial intelligence and data science, and many jobs have become fulfilled with the help of artificial intelligence and data science.

The developments have also contributed to artificial intelligence programming skills. With artificial intelligence, it has become possible to solve many problems that could not be solved with classical programming skills, and while complex data relationships cannot be solved with classical methods, recently relationships between data have become easily inferred.

One of the areas most supported by artificial intelligence is computer-aided decision making, thanks to its various capabilities, notably diagnosis and prediction. Artificial intelligence-based diagnostic systems can be seen as an example of a non-invasive procedure, because there is no interference with the body in artificial intelligence supported clinical decision support systems, in which expert systems make decisions based on both expert opinions and machine learning systems’ modeling from past case examples. These systems, which are sometimes used separately, are used together in some places. With the increase in the studies on artificial intelligence, its subfields have emerged. There are many artificial intelligence subdomains, each with different characteristics. Among these subareas, machine learning, deep learning, expert systems, and image processing in particular provide auxiliary features in computer-aided decision making.