Читать книгу Predicting Heart Failure - Группа авторов - Страница 67

A bruit refers to the vascular sound associated with turbulent blood flow. This will be audible and detected with a stethoscope. These auscultatory sounds originating in the heart and radiating to the neck are considered to be cardiac valvular murmurs. A carotid bruit is the sound heard over the cervical arteries and can indicate the underlying arterial occlusive pathology which can lead to a stroke. The carotid artery bruit can also be caused by atherosclerotic stenosis in adults. The cervical venous hum is often felt over the internal jugular cervical veins and is due to the combined effects of gravity on the blood flow and the partial compression of the vein by the transverse process of the atlas. These sounds, especially venous hum, are more common in children than adults and are quite normal. Cranial and orbital bruits, vibrations resulting from turbulence in intracranial or extracranial vessels, are less serious and normally occurring in the younger population. However, cranial-orbital bruits present in the adult category, are usually pathologic and indicate an underlying abnormality such as arteriovenous fistulas, arteriovenous malformations, and intracranial hemangiomas. In addition, an orbital bruit can occur rarely as a result of the atherosclerosis of the arteries in the neck.