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These viewpoints show that wargaming and simulation both play important roles in the development and evaluation of new concepts, tactics, techniques, and procedures in complex defense situations. The support seems to be more complementary than competitive.

As a rule, the role of the simulation focuses mainly in the quantitative sphere, reliable presentation of computable effects in a situated synthetic environment for the wargamers and provide the results in immersive form to them. The immersion can be in the form of virtual or augmented reality presentation of the battle sphere, but also in form of intuitive representation of results. The latter may also help the wargamer to evaluate alternative courses of action in their decision cycles. The role of the wargamer is more in the qualitative realm. Humans provide the creativity needed to come up with truly innovative solutions when confronted with complexity, uncertainty, and vagueness of new situations. They make the decision in multidimensional, multi‐scope, and multi‐resolution solution space. It seems to be obvious that a tighter connection will likely provide a better support. What conceptual and technical methods are useful to support this is a topic of ongoing research.

In this prologue we raise questions about what simulations can provide to enable better wargames, what wargamers need from simulationists to help them be more creative and innovative, and what is needed to generate better aligned compositions and tools. The authors of the various book chapters, which are making up this compendium, address these challenges as well as ideas how to better cope with them. There are many facets and viewpoints reflected in the contributions, providing the basis for more discussions, research, and hopefully many practical applications of solution contributions in the future.