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The ECB defines data integrity risk as

“the risk that data stored and processed by IT systems are incomplete, inaccurate or inconsistent across different IT systems, for example as a result of weak or absent IT controls during the different phases of the IT data life cycle (i.e. designing the data architecture, building the data model and/or data dictionaries, verifying data inputs, controlling data extractions, transfers and processing, including rendered data outputs), impairing the ability of an institution to provide services and produce (risk) management and financial information in a correct and timely manner.”[81]

For the purpose of this book, we use this definition.