Читать книгу Analytical Methods for Environmental Contaminants of Emerging Concern - Группа авторов - Страница 4
Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
5 Preface
6 1 Pesticides 1.1 Overview of Pesticides 1.1.1 Properties 1.1.2 Legislation 1.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 1.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 1.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 1.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 1.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 1.3 Determination of Pesticides 1.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 1.3.1.1 Chromatography 1.3.1.2 Detection 1.3.2 Figures of Merit 1.3.3 Hints and Tips 1.4 Future Directions and Challenges Acknowledgments Bibliography
7 2 Pharmaceuticals 2.1 Overview of Pharmaceuticals 2.1.1 Properties 2.1.2 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 2.1.3 Occurrence 2.1.4 Legislation 2.2 Sampling and Sample Preparation 2.2.1 Solid Samples 2.2.2 Water Samples 2.3 Analytical Techniques for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals 2.3.1 Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry 2.3.2 Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry 2.4 Conclusion and Future Trends References
8 3 Personal Care Products 3.1 Overview of Personal Care Products 3.1.1 Properties 3.1.2 Legislation 3.1.3 Transformation Products 3.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 3.2 Sample Preparation for PCPs in the Aquatic Environment 3.2.1 Sorbent-based Methodologies 3.2.1.1 Solid-phase Extraction 3.2.1.2 Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction 3.2.1.3 Stir-bar Sorptive Extraction 3.2.1.4 Solid-phase Microextraction 3.2.2 Liquid-based Extraction Techniques 3.2.2.1 Microextraction Liquid Phase Approaches: DLLME, SDME, USAEME 3.3 Determination of Personal Care Products 3.4 Future Directions and Challenges Acknowledgements References
9 4 New Psychoactive Substances 4.1 Overview of New Psychoactive Substances 4.1.1 Properties 4.1.2 NPS Market, Dynamics and International Control 4.1.3 Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 4.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 4.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 4.2.1 Urban Wastewater 4.2.1.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 4.2.1.2 Extraction Procedures and Clean-up 4.2.2 Other Environmental Matrices 4.3 Determination of New Psychoactive Substances 4.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 4.3.1.1 Chromatographic Separation 4.3.1.2 Detection 4.3.2 Figures of Merit 4.3.3 Hits and Tips 4.4 Future Direction and Challenges Acknowledgments References
10 5 Artificial Sweeteners 5.1 Overview of Artificial Sweeteners 5.1.1 Properties 5.1.2 Legislation and Environmental Risk Assessment 5.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 5.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 5.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 5.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 5.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 5.3 Determination of Artificial Sweeteners 5.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 5.3.1.1 Chromatography 5.3.1.2 Detection 5.3.2 Figures of Merit 5.3.3 Hints and Tips 5.4 Future Directions and Challenges References
11 6 Perfluorinated Substances 6.1 Overview of Perfluoroalkyl Substances 6.1.1 Properties 6.1.2 Legislation 6.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 6.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 6.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 6.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 6.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 6.3 Determination of PFASs 6.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 6.3.1.1 Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry 6.3.1.2 Biosensors 6.3.2 Figures of Merit 6.3.3 Hints and Tips 6.4 Future Directions and Challenges References
12 7 High Production Volume Chemicals 7.1 Overview of High Production Volume Chemicals 7.1.1 Properties 7.1.2 Legislation 7.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 7.1.4 Occurrence 7.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 7.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 7.2.1.1 Water 7.2.1.2 Air and Dust 7.2.1.3 Soil, Sediments, and Sludge 7.2.1.4 Biota 7.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-Up 7.2.2.1 Water 7.2.2.2 Air and Dust 7.2.2.3 Soil, Sediments, and Sludge 7.2.2.4 Biota 7.3 Determination of High Production Volume Chemicals 7.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 7.3.2 Figures of Merit 7.3.3 Hints and Tips 7.4 Future Directions and Challenges Acknowledgments References
13 8 Musk Fragrances 8.1 Overview of Musk Fragrances 8.1.1 Properties 8.1.2 Legislation 8.1.3 Reported or Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 8.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 8.1.4.1 Occurrence in Wastewater and Sewage Sludge 8.1.4.2 Occurrence in Surface Water, Soils, Sediments and Air 8.1.4.3 Occurrence in Biota 8.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 8.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 8.2.1.1 Air Samples 8.2.1.2 Water Samples 8.2.1.3 Sludge, Soil and Sediment Samples 8.2.1.4 Biota 8.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 8.2.2.1 Air Samples 8.2.2.2 Water Samples 8.2.2.3 Sludge, Soil and Sediment Samples 8.2.2.4 Biota 8.3 Determination of Musk Fragrances 8.3.1 Chromatography 8.3.2 Detection 8.4 Future Directions and Challenges References
14 9 Disinfection Byproducts in Water 9.1 Overview of Main DBP Classes 9.1.1 Properties 9.1.2 Legislation 9.1.3 Potential Metabolites and/or Transformation Products 9.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 9.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 9.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 9.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 9.3 Determination of DBPs 9.3.1 Development of the Instrumental Method 9.3.1.1 Chromatography 9.3.1.2 Detection 9.3.2 Figures of Merit 9.3.2.1 Linearity 9.3.2.2 Precision and Accuracy 9.3.2.3 Sensitivity 9.3.3 Hints and Tips 9.4 Future Directions and Challenges Acknowledgements References
15 10 Microplastics 10.1 Overview of Micro- and Nanoplastics 10.1.1 Properties 10.1.2 Legislation 10.1.3 Origin and Distribution 10.1.4 Occurrence in the Environment 10.1.4.1 Water Systems 10.1.4.2 Sediments 10.1.4.3 Biota 10.2 Sample Preparation and Collection 10.2.1 Protocols for Collecting and Preparing Samples 10.2.1.1 Water 10.2.1.2 Sediment 10.2.1.3 Biota 10.2.2 Sample Extraction and Clean-up 10.2.2.1 Separation 10.2.2.2 Matrix Removal by Digestion 10.3 Determination of MNPLs 10.3.1 Physical Characterization 10.3.2 Chemical Characterization 10.4 Future Directions and Challenges Acknowledgments References
16 Index
