Читать книгу Biodiesel Production - Группа авторов - Страница 18

First‐generation BD may be defined as edible oils from agricultural products such as palm oil, olive, sunflower, coconut, canola, rapeseed soybeans, etc. [71, 72]. Today, derived BD from edible oils has reached approximately more than 95% and has raised many issues, especially the competition between food supply and oil demand crisis, deforestation, and soil destruction for feedstock plantation purposes [73]. In the past decade, the price of edible oils has escalated, while the production demand for BD conversion is continuously increasing, resulting in edible‐based BD being less economically feasible [74]. Given these circumstances, the exploitation of first‐generation BD as a replacement for diesel fuel has put the world's stock of edibles in jeopardy.

Table 1.1 Main feedstocks of biodiesel.

Source: Adapted from [67–70].

First‐generation oil	Second‐generation oil	Third‐generation oil
Soybean Canola Palm Rapeseed Coconut Olive Sunflower Peanut Sesame Mahua Barley Wheat	Rubber seed Cotton seed Tobacco seed Karanja Jojoba oil Neem Moringa Jatropha Coffee ground Used cooking oil Tallow Fish oil Chicken fat Bitter almond oil	Nannochloropsis oculata Chlamydomonas pitschmannii Isochrysis sp. Chlorella vulgaris Monoraphidium sp.