Читать книгу Biodiesel Production - Группа авторов - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
4 Preface
6 An Overview of Biodiesel Production
7 Part 1: Biodiesel Feedstocks 1 Advances in Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils and Animal Fats 1.1 Introduction 1.2 History of the Use of Vegetable Oil in Biodiesel 1.3 Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production 1.4 Basics of the Transesterification Reaction 1.5 Variables Affecting Transesterification Reaction 1.6 Alkaline‐Catalyzed Transesterification 1.7 Acid‐Catalyzed Transesterification 1.8 Enzymatic‐Catalyzed Transesterification 1.9 Fuel Properties and Quality Specifications for Biodiesel 1.10 Conclusion References 2 Green Technologies in Valorization of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Importance of Valorization 2.3 Purification and Characterization 2.4 Transesterification: A Comprehensive Look 2.5 Conversion Techniques 2.6 Economics and Environmental Impact 2.7 Conclusion and Perspectives References 3 Non‐edible Oils for Biodiesel Production 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Vegetable Non‐edible Oils 3.3 Future Perspectives of Non‐edible Oils: Oils from Waste 3.4 Conclusion Acknowledgments References 4 Algal Oil as a Low‐Cost Feedstock for Biodiesel Production 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Lipid and Biosynthesis of Lipid in Microalgae 4.3 Optimization of Lipid Production in Microalgae 4.4 Conclusion References
8 Part 2: Different Catalysts Used in Biodiesel Production 5 Homogeneous Catalysts Used in Biodiesel Production 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Transesterification in Biodiesel Synthesis 5.3 Homogeneous Catalyst in Biodiesel Synthesis 5.4 Properties of Biodiesel Produced by Homogeneous Acid and Base‐Catalyzed Reactions 5.5 Relevance of Homogeneous Acid and Base Catalysts in Biodiesel Synthesis 5.6 Conclusion References 6 Application of Metal Oxides Catalyst in Production of Biodiesel 6.1 Basic Metal Oxide 6.2 Acid Metal Oxide 6.3 Deactivation of Metal Oxide References 7 Supported Metal/Metal Oxide Catalysts in Biodiesel Production 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Supported Catalyst 7.3 Metals and Metal Oxide Supported on Alumina 7.4 Metals and Metal Oxide Supported on Zeolite 7.5 Metals and Metal Oxide Supported on ZnO 7.6 Metals and Metal Oxide Supported on Silica 7.7 Metals and Metal Oxide Supported on Biochar 7.8 Metals and Metal Oxide Supported on Metal Organic Frameworks 7.9 Metal/Metal Oxide Supported on Magnetic Nanoparticles 7.10 Summary References 8 Mixed Metal Oxide Catalysts in Biodiesel Production 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Previous Research 8.3 State of the Art 8.4 Discussion 8.5 Conclusion 8.6 Symbols and Nomenclature References 9 Nanocatalysts in Biodiesel Production 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Transesterification of Vegetable Oils 9.3 Conventional Catalysts Used in Biodiesel Production: Advantages and Limitations 9.4 Role of Nanotechnology in Biodiesel Production 9.5 Different Nanocatalysts in Biodiesel Production 9.6 Conclusion Acknowledgment References 10 Sustainable Production of Biodiesel Using Ion‐Exchange Resin Catalysts 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Features of Ion‐Exchange Resin Catalysts 10.3 Cation‐Exchange Resin Catalyst 10.4 Anion‐Exchange Resin Catalysts 10.5 Summary References 11 Advances in Bifunctional Solid Catalysts for Biodiesel Production 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Application of Solid Bifunctional Catalyst in Biodiesel Production 11.3 Summary and Concluding Remarks Acknowledgment References 12 Application of Catalysts Derived from Renewable Resources in Production of Biodiesel 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Potential Renewable Resources for Production of Biodiesel Catalysts 12.3 Advantages, Disadvantages, and Challenges of These Types of Catalyst for Biodiesel Production Acknowledgment References 13 Biodiesel Production Using Ionic Liquid‐Based Catalysts 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Mechanism of IL‐Catalyzed Biodiesel Production 13.3 Acidic and Basic Ionic Liquids (AILs/BILs) as Catalyst in Biodiesel Production 13.4 Supported Ionic Liquids in Biodiesel Production 13.5 IL Lipase Cocatalysts 13.6 Optimization and Novel Biodiesel Production Technologies Using ILs 13.7 Recyclability of the Ionic Liquids on Biodiesel Production 13.8 Kinetics of IL‐Catalyzed Biodiesel Production 13.9 Techno‐Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact Analysis of Biodiesel Production Using Ionic Liquid as Catalyst 13.10 Conclusion References 14 Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Versatile Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Biodiesel Synthesis Over MOF Catalysts 14.3 Conclusion References
9 Part 3: Technologies, By‐product Valorization and Prospects of Biodiesel Production 15 Upstream Strategies (Waste Oil Feedstocks, Nonedible Oils, and Unicellular Oil Feedstocks like Microalgae) 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Biodiesel Feedstocks 15.3 Composition of Oils and Fats 15.4 Methods for Oil Extraction 15.5 Purification of Oils and Fats 15.6 Production of Biodiesel 15.7 Future Prospects References 16 Mainstream Strategies for Biodiesel Production 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Mainstream Strategies and Technology for Biodiesel Production 16.3 Future Prospects and Challenges Acknowledgment References 17 Downstream Strategies for Separation, Washing, Purification, and Alcohol Recovery in Biodiesel Production 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Glycerol Separation and Refining 17.3 Membrane Reactors 17.4 Methanol Recovery 17.5 Additization 17.6 Conclusion References 18 Heterogeneous Catalytic Routes for Bio‐glycerol‐Based Acrylic Acid Synthesis 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Acrylic Acid Synthesis from Propylene 18.3 Acrylic Acid Synthesis from Glycerol 18.4 Conclusion Acknowledgments References 19 Sustainability, Commercialization, and Future Prospects of Biodiesel Production 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Biodiesel as a Promising Renewable Energy Carrier 19.3 Overview of the Biodiesel Production Process 19.4 Evolution in the Feedstocks Used for the Sustainable Production of Biodiesel 19.5 First‐Generation Biodiesel and the Challenges in Its Sustainability 19.6 Development of Second‐Generation Biodiesel to Address the Sustainability 19.7 Algae‐Based Biodiesel 19.8 Waste Oils, Grease, and Animal Fats in Biodiesel Production 19.9 Technical Impact by the Biodiesel Usage 19.10 Socioeconomic Impacts 19.11 Toxicological Impact 19.12 Sustainability Challenges in the Biodiesel Production and Use 19.13 Concluding Remarks References 20 Advanced Practices in Biodiesel Production 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Mechanism of Transesterification 20.3 Advanced Biodiesel Production Technologies 20.4 Conclusion 20.5 Future Perspectives References
10 Index
