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Prognosis

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Overall prognosis for dogs and cats with foreign bodies is good. In a review of 208 GI foreign bodies by Hayes, overall survival rate was 91%, with better survival being reported for pets with discrete foreign bodies (94% in dogs and 100% in cats) and than linear (80% in dogs and 63% in cats) foreign bodies [2]. A more recent study evaluating 499 dogs with linear and non‐linear GI foreign bodies found a 96% survival rate overall [55]. Other studies have reported survival rates for linear foreign bodies to be 78–98% in dogs [4, 11, 55] and 84–92% in cats [13, 79]. Increased mortality has also been reported for dogs with fabric and plastic linear foreign bodies [11], pets undergoing multiple GI incisions [2, 30], and those with longer duration of clinical signs (mean 4.6 ± 6.8 days vs. mean 8.7 ± 7.7 days) [4]. The presence of a foreign body for >3 days has also been associated with an increase in the rate of complications [21]. Location of the foreign body and degree of obstruction have not been shown to significantly influence survival [2].

Small Animal Surgical Emergencies

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