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The partial pressure of alveolar–arterial oxygen (P(A–a)O₂) gradient provides objective information on pulmonary function by removing the influence of ventilation on PaO₂.

 PAO2 = alveolar gas equation

 FiO2 = percentage of inspired O2

 Patm = atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg used at sea level)

 PH2O = water vapor pressure (53 mmHg 39°C for dogs/cats; 47 mmHg at 37°C in humans)

 R = respiratory quotient (approximately 0.8–0.9)