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Risk Factors

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A number of studies have examined the many risk factors associated with GDV in dogs. The information from these studies is often contradictory, making firm conclusions difficult. It is likely that GDV is a multifactorial process and therefore the role of single risk factors is unclear. There are certain repeatable findings in many studies, however, that are associated with an increased risk of GDV. Only one finding has been associated with a decreased risk of GDV and this is being of a “happy” temperament [15]. Risk factors that have been proposed as increasing the risk of GDV include breed, with German Shepherds, Great Danes, Standard Poodles and Irish Setters being over‐represented; increasing age; thin body condition; being of anxious temperament and having a first‐degree relative with GDV [2,15–19]. The role of diet has been extensively investigated, although the precise role remains unclear [15, 16, 19, 20]. Being fed large quantities of food, being fed from a raised bowl, dry kibble, being fed one meal a day, and eating quickly are all reported to be associated with an increased risk of GDV [16,19–22].

Small Animal Surgical Emergencies

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