Читать книгу Interventional Cardiology - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 OCT illustration of Neoatherosclerosis. (a) Neo‐intimal hyperplas...Figure 1.2 IVUS features of vulnerable plaques. (a) Attenuated plaque (red a...Figure 1.3 VH‐IVUS imaging. Red – Necrotic core plaque; Light green – Fibro‐...Figure 1.4 OCT appearance of vulnerable plaques (plaque erosion, plaque rupt...Figure 1.5 OCT appearances of vulnerable plaques (others). (a) Thin‐cap fibr...Figure 1.6 NIRS IVUS imaging of vulnerable plaque. Lipid rich plaque (yellow...Figure 1.7 Schematic diagram of a stable atherosclerotic plaque characterize...Figure 1.8 Unstable atherosclerotic plaque characterized by the presence of ...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Femoral artery angiogram taken after sheath insertion. The sheath...Figure 2.2 Bilateral femoral artery angiograms. On the left panel, a line is...Figure 2.3 (a) shows a fluoroscopic image recorded prior to puncture. The 18...Figure 2.4 (A) The ultrasound probe is aligned perpendicular to the artery (...Figure 2.5 The Perclose ProGlide device is used to deliver sutures through t...Figure 2.6 The StarClose device is delivered through a special sheath provid...Figure 2.7 Femoral angiogram 1 year after closure with the StarClose device....Figure 2.8 MANTA device. A bovine collage pad in grey seals the arteriotomy ...Figure 2.9 Left panel: The white arrow shows the tip of a left internal mamm...Figure 2.10 Following the completion of the procedure, crossover angiography...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Anatomic variations present challenges to successful transradial ...Figure 3.2 Navigating challenging radial anatomy using “balloon assisted tra...Figure 3.3 Complications of Transradial Access. (a) Radial perforation cause...Figure 3.4 Transradial hematoma classification system (From Bertrand et al.,...Figure 3.5 Distal radial access set up and hemostasis. (a) Hand into Starboa...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Guiding catheter selection for left coronary artery. (a) Normal: ...Figure 4.2 Guiding catheter selection for right coronary artery. (a) Normal:...Figure 4.3 Ikari catheters for radial approach. (a) Ikari left. (b) Ikari ri...Figure 4.4 Optimal angiographic views for specific segments of the left ante...Figure 4.5 Guiding catheter selection for SVG to right coronary artery: (a1)...Figure 4.6 This 80‐year‐old obese female was admitted for angiography follow...Figure 4.7 These views were taken during primary angioplasty performed in a ...Figure 4.8 Optimal angiographic views for specific segments in the circumfle...Figure 4.9 This 47‐year‐old male with known coronary disease presented with ...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Shapes of a selection of guide catheters for the left coronary sy...Figure 5.2 Shapes of commonly used guide catheters for the right coronary sy...Figure 5.3 The Barbeau and radial/brachial curve catheters can be used via t...Figure 5.4 Vascular anatomy of a pedicle graft of the right gastroepiploic a...Figure 5.5 Approaches to increase guide catheter support for treating comple...Figure 5.6 “Intraluminal” hybrid support techniques that can be used to subs...Figure 5.7 Components of guidewire design.Figure 5.8 The components of a rapid exchange balloon catheter.Figure 5.9 Distal tip styles and components contributing to the crossing pro...Figure 5.10 The primary curve is shaped to fit the tightest angle to be wire...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Interpreting p‐values.Figure 6.2 Kaplan–Meier life‐table plot showing pattern of treatment differe...Figure 6.3 Example of the most common trial type, including superiority and ...Figure 6.4 Graphic explanation of the results from the SURTAVI trial, report...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Behavior of resting and hyperemic flow in relation to stenosis se...Figure 7.2 The flow of blood across a coronary stenosis. Pressure gradients ...Figure 7.3 The curvilinear relationship between pressure and flow is unique ...Figure 7.4 Results of FAME and FAME II Studies. FAME randomized patients wit...Figure 7.5 Active and Phasic Normalization. (a) The pressure wire sensor sho...Figure 7.6 iFR Pullback can be used to predict post‐PCI iFR values. (a) The ...Figure 7.7 Right coronary artery assessment with iFR pullback and SyncVision...Figure 7.8 Left anterior descending artery iFR pullback and SyncVision Co‐Re...Figure 7.9 Examples of cases in which low FFR values are generated by high m...Figure 7.10 IMR calculation. A combined pressure/temperature guide wire is u...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Four examples of artifacts from Gary Mintz’s Atlas of Intracorona...Figure 8.2 Normal coronary artery morphology in cross‐sectional view. In the...Figure 8.3 IVUS measurements pre‐intervention in a non‐stented artery. The p...Figure 8.4 A pure soft or hypoechoic plaque is uncommon because atherosclero...Figure 8.5 Diagnostic intravascular ultrasound was performed to assess the a...Figure 8.6 This patient presented with a STEMI a complex left anterior (lesi...Figure 8.7 An eccentric, calcific, and small plaque accumulation leading to ...Figure 8.8 Diagnostic IVUS was performed to assess this angiographic filling...Figure 8.9 This patient underwent a previous PCI with DES implantation of a ...Figure 8.10 This young, female patient presented with STEMI and type 4 SCAD ...Figure 8.11 This patient presented with restenosis at follow‐up after stent ...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Frequent artifacts in optical coherence tomography imaging. (a) S...Figure 9.2 Plaque characterization with optical coherence tomography. (a) No...Figure 9.3 Plaque classification algorithm by optical coherence tomography (...Figure 9.4 Optical coherence tomography in coronary interventions. (a) Strut...Figure 9.5a Baseline angiogram of the the right coronary system shown on the...Figure 9.5b OCT following stent implantation with stent rendering on the lon...Figure 9.5c Final angiogram of the RCA following PCI is shown in the left im...Figure 9.6a OCT cross‐section demonstrates a protruding nodule with an MLA o...Figure 9.6b OCT of the proximal LAD revealed a lesion with an MLA of 3.55mm²Figure 9.6c OCT proximal to the bifurcation demonstrates a calcified lesion ...Figure 9.6d OCT at the bifurcation of the LAD and 1^st diagonal branch. It is...Figure 9.6e OCT following stent implantation demonstrating optimal stent exp...Figure 9.7 A 39‐year‐old man was admitted with unstable angina. Angiography ...Figure 9.8 Angiography at baseline without significant stenosis (a). Angiogr...Figure 9.9 Intravascular near‐infrared fluorescence molecular imaging of pla...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 (a) Severe stenosis in the proximal RCA on CTA with high‐risk CT...Figure 10.2 (a) Post‐TAVR, a bioprosthetic valve is seen in aortic position,...Figure 10.3 (a) Early and (b) delayed contrast‐enhanced images of the left a...Figure 10.4 (a) and (c) diffuse LGE in the ventricles and atria. Classic fin...Figure 10.5 (a) Sinus venosus ASD with the right upper pulmonary vein draini...

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Suggested stepwise strategy for long term anti‐ischemic drug the...Figure 11.2 Approach for the initial diagnostic management of patients with ...Figure 11.3 Main diagnostic pathways in symptomatic patients with suspected ...

12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Advantages and disadvantages or high sensitivity cardiac troponi...Figure 12.2 Algorithm for managing NSTE‐ACS patients and determining the tim...Figure 12.3 American and European guidelines on optimal DAPT duration in ACS...

13 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Challenging angiographic assessment of disease severity. On the ...Figure 15.2 Provisional versus two‐stent technique. On the top (a) (RAO 20‐C...

14 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Coronary bifurcation anatomy, flow characteristics and plaque di...Figure 16.2 Example of provisional strategy for distal left main stem trifur...Figure 16.3 Stepwise provisional SB stenting strategy. Panel (a) MV stenting...Figure 16.4 Proximal optimization technique. Panel (a) Large middle image – ...Figure 16.5 Two stent techniques. Panel (a) T stenting technique, Panel (b) ...

15 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Heart Team decision‐making process in patients with multivessel ...

16 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 The basic features of a chronic total coronary occlusion (a and ...Figure 18.2 Bilateral contrast injection is essential for control of the wir...Figure 18.3 Proximal LAD occlusion with tapered entry (a). The tip shape for...Figure 18.4 Proximal RCA occlusion with two side branches (a). Perforation o...Figure 18.5 (a) Proximal RCA occlusion with a long intracoronary channel (sp...Figure 18.6 A proximal RCA occlusion with side branch and no visible entry (...Figure 18.7 Typical example of parallel wire approach: the first wire Gaia 2...Figure 18.8 Dual‐lumen catheter (DLC) application. Occlusion of the mid left...Figure 18.9 StingRay catheter application. Long occlusion of the left circum...Figure 18.10 The procedural steps of a retrograde approach. A proximal RCA o...

17 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Schematic representation of common insertion sites of proximal a...

18 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 (a) Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images demonstrating good...Figure 20.2 (a) A FFR wire advanced beyond two sequential lesions (1 and 2) ...Figure 20.3 (a) 90° angulation in the vessel has set up a condition for wire...Figure 20.4 (a) Representation of a tortuous vessel. (b) After wiring of the...Figure 20.5 (a) A severely tortuous right coronary artery with severe lesion...

19 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Morphologic pattern of restenosis across different stent generat...Figure 21.2 Algorithm for the treatment of drug‐eluting stent (DES) restenos...

20 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Left Ventricular Support During High Risk PCI: LVEF and Lesion C...Figure 22.2 Cardiosense intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) console. (Device: C...Figure 22.3 Portable veno‐arterial extra‐corporeal membrane support with oxy...

21 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Rotablator system with burrs, console, Rotalink system. (a) A si...Figure 23.2 RotaPRO™ system highlighting the power on/off button on the adva...Figure 23.3 RotaPRO™ Display Console: (a) digital display console includes t...Figure 23.4 Excimer coronary laser atherectomy (ECLA). (a) Mechanism of acti...Figure 23.5 Diamondback 360^o Orbital Atherectomy System (OAS): (a) The OAS c...Figure 23.6 (a) Coronary Intravascular Lithoplasty (CIL) Balloon (Shockwave ...

22 Chapter 24Figure 24.1 Two examples of stent thrombosis. Panels a1, b1 show the variabl...Figure 24.2 The preparation of a thrombus aspiration catheter (Export Advanc...Figure 24.3 Keeping aspiration maintaining negative pressure in the Luer loc...Figure 24.4 Summary of the main technical characteristics of the manual thro...Figure 24.5 Ectatic coronary segments represent an anatomic scenario in whic...Figure 24.6 Case study.

23 Chapter 26Figure 26.1 Distal edge dissection by angiography and OCT. Left anterior des...Figure 26.2 Scaffold edge coronary hematoma with true “a” and false “b” lume...Figure 26.3 An example of type V perforation caused by a distal migration of...Figure 26.4 Type III cavity spilling (or type IV) LAD perforation to the rig...Figure 26.5 LAD and Dg PCI bifurcation with provisional technique. There was...Figure 26.6 (a) After right posterior descending artery recanalization with ...

24 Chapter 27Figure 27.1 Arterial perforation related to vascular access (a) Because of h...Figure 27.2 Relative benefit of VCD compared to manual compression. The rela...Figure 27.4 Acute common femoral artery closure related to VCD. (a) Because ...Figure 27.5 Classification of hematomas associated with percutaneous procedu...Figure 27.3 MANTA concept. A bovine collagen pad in gray seals the arterioto...

25 Chapter 28Figure 28.1 Pathophysiology of contrast associated‐acute kidney injury.Figure 28.2 Phases of Acute Kidney Injury. This figure illustrates progressi...Figure 28.3 Strategies to limit the volume of contrast media during coronary...

26 Chapter 29Figure 29.1 Radiologic dose is the concentration of energy received by a sma...Figure 29.2 Block diagram of an interventional fluoroscope showing key compo...Figure 29.3 Dry desquamation (poikiloderma) at 1 month in a patient receivin...Figure 29.4 Poor practice: an example of unnecessary irradiation of an opera...

27 Chapter 30Figure 30.1 Two key approaches towards cardiac regeneration: Inducing the pr...Figure 30.2 Cyclin A2 gene delivery induces cardiac regeneration in adult po...Figure 30.3 Cell‐based and cell‐free approach for cardiac regeneration: In c...Figure 30.4 Schema depicting the projected allogeneic therapeutic potential ...

28 Chapter 31Figure 31.1 Xience stent platform.The Xience V/Multi‐Link Vision has an open...Figure 31.2 Promus Element stent. Image provided courtesy of Boston Scientif...Figure 31.3 Promus Premier stent. Image provided courtesy of Boston Scientif...Figure 31.4 Chemical structure of PMBA and PVDF‐HFP. (a) Chemical structure ...

29 Chapter 32Figure 32.1 Longitudinal Stent Deformation Angiography. (a) proximal LSD of ...Figure 32.2 SYNERGY stent design. SYNERGY incorporates multiple key design e...Figure 32.3 Evermine 50 EES thinnest (50 µm) strut platform.

30 Chapter 33Figure 33.1 Continuous sinusoid technology. The sinusoid‐formed wire is heli...Figure 33.2 Key features of Resolute Onyx stent. Zotarolimus is released fro...Figure 33.3 Zotarolimus release kinetics of ZES. The Endeavor Resolute, Reso...

31 Chapter 34Figure 34.1 Chemical structure of Biolimus. The replacement of hydrogen by a...Figure 34.2 Mechanism of action of Biolimus. The cytostatic effect (arrest o...Figure 34.3 The main components of the Biosensor International Biolimus‐elut...

32 Chapter 35Figure 35.1 Metabolism of poly‐L‐lactic acid (PLLA). Hydrolysis of PLLA resu...Figure 35.2 Resorption rates of metal scaffolds. Drug release occurs within ...Figure 35.3 Angiography and OCT imaging at baseline and follow‐up with the s...Figure 35.4 PK Papyrus, covered single stent design.

33 Chapter 36Figure 36.1 Abluminus DES+ system: an overview of the CoCr alloys L605, ablu...Figure 36.2 An overview of The DynamXTM Bioadaptor particularities, composed...

34 Chapter 37Figure 37.1 Late phase of a normal coronary arteriogram in two plans. Note t...Figure 37.2 The hypothesis of “embryonic recall.” Note the analogy of pressu...Figure 37.3 Timetable of a typical PICSO study in a patient. Note that the t...Figure 37.4 PICSO catheter in place in a patient undergoing PCI and PICSO (s...

35 Chapter 38Figure 38.1 Platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. The interaction ...Figure 38.2 The platelet activation pathways and the coagulation cascade. Ma...Figure 38.3 Established and new anticoagulants classified according to the t...

36 Chapter 40Figure 40.1 Schematic depiction of the anti‐IIa and anti‐Xa activities of un...

37 Chapter 43Figure 43.1 Proposed strategies for tailoring antithrombotic therapy accordi...

38 Chapter 44Figure 44.1 Secondary Prevention in Patients with Clinical ASCVD [9].Figure 44.2 Definition of Major ASCVD Events Very High‐Risk of Future ASCVD ...Figure 44.3 Impact of Selected Healthcare and Lifestyle Interventions on Mor...

39 Chapter 45Figure 45.1 Central role of ADP‐P2Y₁₂ interaction in platelet aggregation an...

40 Chapter 46Figure 46.1 During PCI, at the site of vascular injury, exposure of the sube...Figure 46.2 Measurement and mechanism of action of P2Y₁₂ inhibitors.

41 Chapter 47Figure 47.1 Swan‐Ganz catheter with inflated balloon at the distal tip.Figure 47.3 Normal hemodynamics.Figure 47.2 Swan‐Ganz catheter in (a) RA. (b) RV, (c) PA, and (d) PCPW posit...

42 Chapter 48Figure 48.1 Surgical embolectomy. The patient presented with massive pulmona...Figure 48.2 (a) Rotatable pigtail catheter. (b) EkoSonic Endovascular System...Figure 48.3 Catheter‐based therapy for a patient with submassive PE. (a) Sad...Figure 48.4 The AngioVac System. Unwanted intravascular material is aspirate...

43 Chapter 49Figure 49.1 The distribution and density of renal nerves in the proximal (a)...Figure 49.2 Magnetic resonance angiography of the renal arteries. Polar arte...

44 Chapter 50Figure 50.1 30‐day events following TAVR according to surgical risk.Figure 50.2 Risk of thrombotic and bleeding events according to time after t...Figure 50.3 Possible antithrombotic management strategies following TAVR.

45 Chapter 51Figure 51.1 Hemodynamic monitoring with a resting peak‐to‐peak gradient (lef...Figure 51.2 Angiography of the left coronary artery (a). Right anterior obli...Figure 51.3 Pre‐shaping the 0.014‐inch guidewire with two angles through a b...Figure 51.4 (a) Apical four‐chamber echocardiogram showing the hypertrophied...

46 Chapter 52Figure 52.1 (a) Watchman device. (b) Amplatzer Cardiac Plug. (c) Amulet devi...Figure 52.2 (a) LAA measurements in the standard transesophageal echocardiog...Figure 52.3 (a) LAA angiography. The access sheath shows the markers corresp...Figure 52.4 Watchman access and delivery sheaths.

47 Chapter 53Figure 53.1 The RoPE (Risk of Paradoxical Embolism) score is used to calcula...Figure 53.2 Atrial septum defect (ASD) rims. Atrial septum as viewed from th...Figure 53.3 Comparison of devices available for atrial septal defect (ASD) a...Figure 53.4 Intracardiac echocardiogram and corresponding fluoroscopic image...Figure 53.5 ASD closure with a Gore® Cardioform Septal Occluder. (a) TEE sho...Figure 53.6 ASD closure with a 37mm Gore® Cardioform ASD Occluder. (a) TEE s...

48 Chapter 54Figure 54.1 Transcatheter aortic paravalvular leak closure. A: Top left: LV ...Figure 54.2 Transcatheter closure of paravalvular leak on a bioprosthetic mi...Figure 54.3 Transcatheter closure of traumatic VSD. Patient is a 23 year old...

49 Chapter 55Figure 55.1 Valvuloplasty balloon sizes and corresponding crosssectional are...

50 Chapter 56Figure 56.1 Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a ball...Figure 56.2 Transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement using a ballo...

51 Chapter 57Figure 57.1 (a) EnVeo PRO delivery system. (b) Evolut PRO+: composed of self...Figure 57.2 Boston Scientific ACURATE neo valve: self‐expanding nitinol devi...Figure 57.3 Portico valve with bovine pericardial tissue mounted on a self‐e...Figure 57.4 JenaValve prosthesis (JenaValve Technology, Inc, Irvine, CA, USA...Figure 57.5 Cerebral embolic protection devices under investigation for use ...

52 Chapter 58Figure 58.1 Evaluation of coronary obstruction risk for valve‐in‐valve (VIV)...Figure 58.2 Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with Bioprosthetic...Figure 58.3 Evaluation of the risk for left ventricular outflow track obstru...Figure 58.4 Reverse LAMPOON technique. A transeptal puncture is performed, a...Figure 58.5 Retrograde LAMPOON technique in a patient undergoing transcathet...

53 Chapter 59Figure 59.1 Management of transcatheter valve embolization complicated by ao...Figure 59.2 Performing coronary protection with the ‘chimney’ technique in a...

54 Chapter 60Figure 60.1 Differential diagnosis for post‐TAVR hypotension.CVP, central ...

55 Chapter 61Figure 61.1 Sapien 3 Ultra^TM THV System. (a) Sapien 3 Ultra^TM bioprosthesis,...Figure 61.2 Evolut PRO^TM THV system. (a) Evolut PRO^TM bioprosthesis with ext...Figure 61.3 Acurate neo ^TM THV and the expandable, iSleeve sheath.Figure 61.4 Large open‐cells, self‐expandable Portico^TM THV with bovine peri...Figure 61.5 Allegra^TM THV, a self‐expandable nitinol frame, with bovine peri...

56 Chapter 62Figure 62.1 Carpentier’s functional classification.Figure 62.2 Segmental valve analysis.Figure 62.3 (a) Barlow’s disease. (b) Fibroelastic deficiency.Figure 62.4 Principles of reconstructive surgery.Figure 62.5 Posterior leaflet quadrangular resection with annular plication....Figure 62.6 Ring selection based on sizing of the mitral valve: (i) measure ...Figure 62.7 Reoperation according to leaflet prolapse.

57 Chapter 63Figure 63.1 Different shapes of dilator and sheaths used for transseptal cat...Figure 63.2 Different types of transseptal puncture needle.Figure 63.3 (a) The needle: proximal tip with an arrow and a tap; distal tip...Figure 63.4 Positioning of the needle. (a) The catheter and the needle are m...Figure 63.5 (a) Different TEE views with ideal site of puncture site for dif...Figure 63.6 Anatomical landmarks fused with fluoroscopic image in left anter...Figure 63.7 Fluoroscopic confimation in different views Transseptal puncture...Figure 63.8 Cardiac tamponade and common sites of injury.Figure 63.9 Presence of thrombus in left atrium (a) and right atrium (b) see...

58 Chapter 64.1Figure 64.1.1 The MitraClip System. (a) The MitraClip System components: Ste...Figure 64.1.2 Mitraclip 4G. Available sizes.

59 Chapter 64.2Figure 64.2.1 Preoperative MDCT in Prediction of LVOTO Risk. (a) Severe, hor...Figure 64.2.2 Imaging‐based guidance of TMVR with the Medtronic intrepid sys...

60 Chapter 65Figure 65.1 (a) Transthoracic 2D; and (b) 3D echocardiogram showing thickene...Figure 65.2 Fluroscopic landmarks for septal puncture. (a) An imaginary hori...Figure 65.3 Salient steps of balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV). (a) Pigtail...Figure 65.5 The images depict simultaneous tracings of pulmonary capillary w...Figure 65.4 Distorted shape of Inoue balloon inside left ventricle showing i...Figure 65.6 Classification of left atrial clot.Figure 65.7 Over‐the‐wire technique described by Manjunath et al. [22]. Cine...Figure 65.8 Transthoracic echocardiography showing post BMV anterior mitral ...

61 Chapter 66Figure 66.1 Different approaches to interventional tricuspid valve repair or...Figure 66.2 Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair using the edge‐to‐edge meth...Figure 66.3 Prognostic implications of transcatheter tricuspid valve interve...Figure 66.4 Transcatheter treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation in a p...Figure 66.5 Compassionate treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation using ...Figure 66.6 Patient selection for transcatheter techniques according to anat...

62 Chapter 67Figure 67.1 KM curves demonstrating freedom from events following: (a)...Figure 67.2 Images of various valve systems approved or undergoing clinical ...Figure 67.3 Perimeter plots generated from cardiac CT demonstrating a case a...

63 Chapter 68Figure 68.1 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic views demonstr...Figure 68.2 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic views demonstr...Figure 68.3 With three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic imaging...Figure 68.4 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic view of a ball...Figure 68.5 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic view of a valv...Figure 68.6 Two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic view demonstrati...Figure 68.7 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic view demonstra...Figure 68.8 The left panel demonstrates severe paravalvular regurgitation vi...Figure 68.9 Deployment of two vascular plugs for correction of paravalvular ...Figure 68.10 Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic imaging of ...Figure 68.11 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic imaging of a ...Figure 68.12 Biplane echocardiographic images without (left panel) and with ...Figure 68.13 Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic “surgeon’s ...Figure 68.14 Three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic view of the...Figure 68.15 Two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic grasping view...Figure 68.16 Double orifice seen at the conclusion of the procedure. The cli...

64 Chapter 70Figure 70.1 Hemodynamic congestion as evidenced by elevated filling pressure...Figure 70.2 The CardioMems HF System.Figure 70.3 LAP monitoring systems. (a) HeartPOD system. (b) V‐LAP system. (...

65 Chapter 71Figure 71.1 Angiography demonstrating an acute thromboembolic occlusion (whi...Figure 71.2 The superior branch of the right middle cerebral artery is wired...Figure 71.3 The wire has been removed and a small amount of contrast is inje...Figure 71.4 The Solitaire stent retriever (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) has b...Figure 71.5 The balloon of the balloon tipped guide catheter has been inflat...Figure 71.6 The captured thromboembolic material can be seen entrapped in th...Figure 71.7 The stent retriever has been removed and angiography now demonst...

66 Chapter 72Figure 72.1 Show here are representative images from a case performed at our...

67 Chapter 74Figure 74.1 Classification Systems for Aortic Dissection: DeBakey and Stanfo...Figure 74.2 Treatment of Acute Type B Dissection with TEVAR: Initial aortogr...Figure 74.3 Blunt Thoracic Aorta Injury Grading Scale: Grade I (Intimal Tear...Figure 74.4 Case Study – Grade III BTAI: CTA (sagittal view) showing Grade I...

68 Chapter 75Figure 75.1 Aortic zones.

69 Chapter 76Figure 76.1 Preoperative cardiac recommendations for abdominal aortic aneury...Figure 76.2 The “draped aorta” sign.Figure 76.3 EVAR with suprarenal fixation.Figure 76.4 EVAR devices.Figure 76.5 Type 1 endoleak.Figure 76.6 Type 2 endoleak.

70 Chapter 77Figure 77.1 Chimney.Figure 77.2 Types of aneurysm.Figure 77.3 Zfen in anotomy.Figure 77.4 It may take four to six weeks for the grafts to be available and...

71 Chapter 78Figure 78.1 AP selective superior mesenteric artery (SMA) study (a) and late...Figure 78.2 SMA angiogram in non‐occlusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) associ...Figure 78.3 SMA angiogram in polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Arrows point to dis...Figure 78.4 Celiac arteriogram shows occlusion of SMA at its origin with rec...Figure 78.5 Patient with symptoms of chronic visceral ischemia. (a) AP aorto...Figure 78.6 CT guided celiac ganglion blockFigure 78.7 Follow‐up CT angiogram six months after SMA stent demonstrates e...

72 Chapter 80Figure 80.1 Uterine artery embolization. (a) Aortogram demonstrates anatomy ...Figure 80.2 (a) Illustration showing the “PROVISO” arteries and their relati...Figure 80.3 (a) Pre‐operative CT‐A demonstrating 65 gram enlarged prostate. ...Figure 80.4 Penile arterial blood supply.Figure 80.5 The branching pattern of the internal iliac artery, as classifie...Figure 80.6 Aortogram in the AP projection showing the aorta, common iliac (...Figure 80.7 (a) Left ipsilateral cranial oblique projection looking at the i...

73 Chapter 82Figure 82.1 78yoM with hx DM admitted with nonhealing ulcer and severe inflo...

74 Chapter 83Figure 83.1 The one and two year primary patency rates reported in first in ...Figure 83.2 (a) Left popliteal artery chronic total occlusion. (b) Left popl...Figure 83.3 (a) Left popliteal artery aneurysm. (b) Left popliteal artery st...Figure 83.4 (a) Left popliteal artery focal aneurysm (prior vein patch aneur...

75 Chapter 84Figure 84.1 The angiosome concept. Five territories supplied by three arteri...Figure 84.2 Results of Bypass Versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischemia of the L...Figure 84.3 An example of a successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty...

76 Chapter 85Figure 85.1 Clinical image showing digit or toe ischemia/ulceration in Buerg...Figure 85.2 (a) Bilateral upper extremity wrist‐brachial indices, pulse volu...Figure 85.3 Same patient as Figure 85.2. A significant velocity shift is see...Figure 85.4 Same patient as Figure 85.2. Angiogram of the aortic arch and it...Figure 85.5 (a) Right vertebral artery angiogram demonstrates severe ostial ...Figure 85.6 Vertebral artery segments: V1 is the most proximal segment prior...

77 Chapter 86Figure 86.1 Efficacy of clopidogrel versus aspirin in reducing MI, ischemic ...Figure 86.2 Subgroup analysis of CAPRIE trial showing a significant benefit ...