Читать книгу Schema Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder - Hannie van Genderen - Страница 14

Before the development of specialized psychotherapies for BPD, such as schema therapy (ST), BPD was treated primarily from a psychoanalytical perspective. This started to change in the late 1980s when cognitive behaviorists began to study the treatment of personality disorders with cognitive behavioral therapy, and psychodynamic therapists started to develop variants of psychodynamic therapy that were specifically adapted to BPD.

The most important early developments in specialized psychotherapies for BPD that emerged in this era were the formulation and empirical validation of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT; Linehan, Armstrong, Suarez, Allmon, & Heard, 1991; Linehan, 1993), the development of Transference‐Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) (Kernberg, Selzer, Koenigsberg, Carr, & Applebaum, 1989), the development of Mentalization Based Treatment (MBT, Bateman & Fonagy, 2004), and the development of cognitive therapy for personality disorders. The use of cognitive therapy for treating personality disorders was first introduced by Aaron Beck, Arthur Freeman, and colleagues in their work Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders (1990). In that same year, Jeffrey Young introduced a new form of cognitive therapy, which he referred to as “Schema‐Focused Therapy,” later “Schema Therapy” (Young, 1990, 1994). He later expanded upon this therapeutic model with the introduction of schema modes (Young, Klosko, & Weishaar, 2003). His theory is based upon a combination of insights derived from cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, and developmental (including attachment) theories. The actual treatment is mainly based on cognitive behavioral therapy and techniques derived from experiential therapies. There is a strong emphasis on the therapeutic relationship which is used as a means to bring about change, as well as on the emotional processing of traumatic experiences.

To date, ST appears to be a good method to achieve substantial personality improvements in BPD patients.