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Table VIII. Mortality from Typhoid Fever in the Cities of New York State, showing Total Deaths from Typhoid Fever and Deaths per 100,000 Population
Оглавление| Rate per 100,000 | |||||||||||
| City | Average rate per 100,000 for ten years | 1899 | 1900 | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 |
| Cities using unfiltered lake water: | |||||||||||
| Auburn | 23.0 | 23.4 | 39.5 | 22.9 | 9.7 | 25.8 | 28.8 | 15.9 | 12.1 | 6.0 | 46.6 |
| Dunkirk | 40.2 | 17.5 | 51.6 | 32.4 | 76.5 | 29.0 | 41.3 | 39.3 | 31.4 | 71.8 | 11.1 |
| Geneva | 29.3 | 49.2 | — | 46.3 | 9.0 | 52.1 | 42.0 | 32.7 | 24.0 | 15.4 | 22.1 |
| Cities using unfiltered river water: | |||||||||||
| Cohoes | 84.4 | 88.3 | 113.0 | 58.4 | 133.2 | 91.3 | 103.6 | 57.9 | 57.8 | 78.2 | 62.0 |
| Lockport | 48.4 | 18.1 | 18.0 | 71.5 | 35.4 | 75.7 | 34.6 | 51.8 | 67.6 | 50.1 | 60.7 |
| Niagara Falls | 132.9 | 113.0 | 123.3 | 143.7 | 148.1 | 114.0 | 135.3 | 184.4 | 154.5 | 126.0 | 87.1 |
| North Tonawanda | 30.9 | 23.1 | 11.0 | 32.3 | 10.5 | 41.1 | 30.2 | 39.3 | 19.3 | 47.2 | 54.6 |
| Ogdensburg | 54.6 | 87.8 | 39.5 | 31.4 | 62.3 | 61.7 | 68.9 | 53.1 | 67.3 | 47.1 | 26.8 |
| Oswego | 49.4 | 22.6 | 45.0 | 22.4 | 17.5 | 53.5 | 62.3 | 84.1 | 58.0 | 66.0 | 62.2 |
| Rome | 22.7 | 26.1 | 6.5 | 12.2 | 25.2 | 18.6 | 24.5 | 42.3 | 28.2 | 17.0 | 26.4 |
| Tonawanda | 30.1 | 13.5 | 13.4 | 13.3 | — | 26.0 | 38.4 | 25.3 | 50.6 | 25.0 | 95.6 |
| Cities using filtered river water: | |||||||||||
| Albany | 28.7 | 87.0 | 40.3 | 21.1 | 30.2 | 19.7 | 18.5 | 19.3 | 20.3 | 20.0 | 10.9 |
| Binghamton | 22.2 | 25.5 | 42.8 | 52.4 | 27.1 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 12.0 | 9.1 | 18.2 | 15.2 |
| Elmira | 41.0 | 33.6 | 47.6 | 25.4 | 39.7 | 80.0 | 51.6 | 28.8 | 44.7 | 28.0 | 30.7 |
| Poughkeepsie | 46.5 | 25.1 | 45.7 | 41.1 | 20.3 | 44.2 | 59.7 | 43.3 | 39.4 | 112.0 | 34.5 |
| Rensselaer | 61.9 | 107.3 | 93.7 | 61.6 | 91.2 | 31.8 | 89.4 | 37.3 | 18.6 | 58.3 | 30.0 |
| Watertown | 71.9 | 85.7 | 101.4 | 35.6 | 64.7 | 71.0 | 211.0 | 23.6 | 50.0 | 37.1 | 39.0 |
| Watervliet | 57.5 | 105.7 | 77.0 | 55.6 | 62.3 | 55.2 | 61.8 | 47.9 | 47.7 | 20.4 | 41.1 |
| Cities using well or spring water: | |||||||||||
| Corning | 46.4 | 27.7 | 54.2 | 43.2 | 24.9 | 48.0 | 46.1 | 30.0 | 43.1 | 69.0 | 78.2 |
| Cortland | 29.2 | 55.8 | 33.2 | 116.2 | 10.1 | — | 9.2 | 26.6 | 8.7 | 24.6 | 7.9 |
| Fulton | 33.2 | 25.0 | — | 24.0 | 11.8 | 93.2 | 34.8 | 22.6 | 56.5 | 22.0 | 42.5 |
| Ithaca | 51.7 | 7.8 | 45.6 | 44.6 | 7.3 | 357.0 | 27.9 | 13.7 | 6.8 | — | 6.4 |
| Olean | 19.5 | 21.6 | 10.5 | 20.8 | 30.7 | 30.3 | 20.0 | — | 20.0 | 19.1 | 22.1 |
| Jamestown | 28.9 | 40.5 | 39.3 | 25.5 | 4.1 | 24.1 | 62.7 | 23.0 | 33.8 | 18.2 | 17.5 |
| Schenectady | 31.6 | 3.3 | 44.2 | 40.5 | 26.0 | 33.5 | 22.6 | 8.6 | 17.8 | 8.7 | 10.9 |
| Cities using water from streams and reservoirs: | |||||||||||
| Amsterdam | 19.4 | 19.8 | 14.3 | 23.2 | 18.1 | 44.0 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 24.8 | 15.9 | — |
| Glens Falls | 37.6 | 24.6 | 47.6 | 61.4 | 14.9 | 28.9 | 49.2 | 20.4 | 46.5 | 45.3 | 36.9 |
| Gloversville | 20.0 | 16.7 | 49.0 | 5.4 | 43.3 | 10.8 | 5.4 | 21.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 37.3 |
| Johnstown | 19.1 | 20.2 | 69.1 | — | 20.0 | 30.1 | — | 10.2 | 20.4 | — | 21.1 |
| Newburgh | 39.6 | 48.4 | 44.1 | 23.7 | 47.0 | 34.7 | 42.0 | 37.1 | 41.3 | 41.0 | 36.4 |
| New Rochelle | 21.1 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 38.0 | 29.3 | 22.0 | 15.5 | 19.5 | 23.2 | 22.0 | 28.0 |
| Plattsburg | 21.0 | 24.1 | 23.7 | 34.1 | 11.0 | 21.1 | — | 39.2 | 28.7 | 27.6 | — |
| Troy | 49.2 | 65.1 | 101.2 | 55.7 | 48.8 | 32.8 | 44.4 | 46.8 | 36.2 | 25.8 | 34.9 |
| Utica | 17.3 | 16.3 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 20.3 | 16.6 | 17.8 | 9.5 | 27.6 | 15.2 | 20.1 |
| Port Jervis | 42.7 | 10.6 | 31.9 | 31.8 | 52.5 | 73.1 | 72.6 | 72.2 | 31.0 | 51.0 | — |
| Little Falls | 36.4 | 29.3 | 125.2 | 28.5 | 37.5 | 27.7 | 36.4 | — | 44.7 | 8.8 | 25.9 |
| Oneida | 17.2 | 26.5 | 13.3 | 25.9 | 38.0 | — | 36.3 | — | 11.8 | — | 19.8 |
| Cities using filtered surface water: | |||||||||||
| Hornell | 28.8 | 76.1 | 25.1 | 32.8 | 32.1 | 55.0 | 7.7 | 30.2 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 14.1 |
| Hudson | 59.2 | 62.8 | 94.4 | 41.3 | 81.3 | 30.0 | 167.7 | 48.5 | 38.0 | 9.4 | 18.1 |
| Kingston | 19.4 | 28.9 | 8.1 | 12.1 | 16.0 | 19.9 | 11.8 | 31.3 | 15.6 | 27.0 | 22.9 |
| Middleton | 24.5 | 21.0 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 55.1 | 13.8 | 6.9 | 41.3 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 42.1 |
| Mount Vernon | 14.6 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 13.6 | 8.8 | 8.5 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 19.4 | 37.7 | 7.1 |
| Oneonta | 37.9 | 28.7 | 27.9 | 13.6 | 66.5 | 26.0 | 50.8 | 24.8 | 48.6 | 23.8 | 68.2 |
| Yonkers | 9.9 | 10.8 | 4.1 | 15.9 | 9.3 | 14.2 | 15.2 | 1.6 | 6.2 | 11.9 | 9.6 |
Another reason for the prevalence of this disease in small cities is that the organization of their health boards is much less effective than that of larger cities. Individuals have not yet learned to sacrifice their own wishes for the sake of the community, and the local health officer, however much he may desire to do his duty, is not upheld by public opinion, and is therefore powerless.
In order to show the condition existing in the small cities of the state of New York, the preceding table has been prepared, showing the average death-rate for the cities of the state for the past ten years, excluding, however, the cities of New York, Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse, all of which have well-organized health boards, and where no epidemic of typhoid fever may be expected. Remembering that a rate of 15 per 100,000 is a normal rate, it will be easily seen how excessive is the amount of typhoid fever in most of the cities of New York State.
